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Vipera

Reptilia - Crotalidae

Synonyms
  • Coluber kargii was named by von Meyer (1845). Its type specimen is PIMUZ A/III 163 + 164, a skeleton (part and counterpart of a nearly complete and almost fully articulated skeleton with badly crushed skull), and it is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Öhningen, which is in a MN 7 + 8 lacustrine limestone in the Upper Freshwater Molasse Formation of Germany.

    It was recombined as Vipera kargii by Rage (1984); it was considered a nomen dubium by Szyndlar (1992) and Szyndlar (1997).
  • Vipera sansaniensis was named by Lartet (1851).

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Rage (1984).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1768Vipera Laurenti
1845Coluber kargii von Meyer p. 41 figs. 2 pl. 6
1851Vipera sansaniensis Lartet
1888Coluber kargi Lydekker p. 260
1984Vipera Rage p. 56
1984Vipera kargii Rage p. 56
1985Vipera Bachmayer and Szyndlar p. 96
1987Vipera Bachmayer and Szyndlar p. 33
1987Vipera Szyndlar p. 66
1988Vipera Carroll
1992Vipera Szyndlar and Zerova p. 94
1992Vipera Zerova p. 236
2005Vipera Uetz
2015Vipera Cernansky et al. p. 121

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
RankNameAuthor
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Squamata()
suborderOphidia(Latreille 1804)
—Serpentes(Linnaeus 1758)
infraorderAlethinophidia
superfamilyColubroidea
familyCrotalidae()
subfamilyViperinae
genusVipera

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Vipera Laurenti 1768
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Subg. Vipera (Daboia) Gray 1842 [oriental viper]
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†Vipera (Daboia) gedulyi Bolkay 1913
Subg. †Vipera (Macrovipera) Reuss 1927
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†Macrovipera gedulyi Bolkay 1913
†Vipera (Macrovipera) sarmatica Chkhikvadse and Lungu 1987
Subg. Vipera (Pelias) Merrem 1820
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Vipera (Pelias) berus Linnaeus 1758 [common adder]
Subg. Vipera (Vipera) Laurenti 1768
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Vipera (Vipera) ammodytes Linnaeus 1758 [sand viper]
Vipera (Vipera) aspis Linnaeus 1758 [asp viper]
†Vipera (Vipera) meotica Zerova 1992
†Vipera antiqua Szyndlar 1987
†Vipera burgenlandica Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1987
Vipera latastei Boscà 1878
†Vipera maghrebiana Rage 1976
†Vipera maxima Szyndlar 1988
†Vipera natiensis Bailon et al. 2002
†Vipera platyspondyla Szyndlar 1987
Invalid names: Coluber kargii von Meyer 1845 [nomen dubium], Vipera sansaniensis Lartet 1851 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 1 to the top of the Holocene or 23.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 22.4 Ma

Collections (147 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
MN 123.03 - 22.4Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) V. antiqua (69617)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44France (Auvergne) V. sp. (125333)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Kazakhstan (East Kasakhstan) V. sp., Pelias sp. (167805)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608Spain (Castile-La Mancha) V. sp. (136269)
MN 222.4 - 20.0France (Aquitaine) V. sp. (136755)
MN 222.4 - 20.0Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) V. sp. (167464)
MN 222.4 - 20.0France (Auvergne) V. sp. (136762)
MN 222.4 - 20.0France (Languedoc-Roussillon) V. sp. (136758)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Italy (Sardinia) V. sp. (138825)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany (Baden-Württemberg) V. sp. (69098)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Portugal (Lisbon) V. sp. (35985)
MN 320.0 - 16.9Germany (Baden-Württemberg) V. sp. (69179)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Czech Republic (Ústí nad Labem) V. sp. (48173)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Spain (Castile-La Mancha) V. sp. (60283)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Czech Republic (Moravia) V. sp. ("oriental vipers" group) (190142) V. sp. ("oriental vipers" group), V. sp. ("European vipers" group) (200140)
Orleanian - Middle Miocene20.0 - 11.608France (Rhône-Alpes) Viperinae A (26723)
MN 416.9 - 15.97France (Midi-Pyrenees) V. sp. (136919)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Germany (Bavaria) V. platyspondyla, V. antiqua (28629)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary) V. platyspondyla, V. antiqua (138666)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Austria (Styria) V. sp. (74539)