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Spirolina

Tubothalamea - Miliolida - Peneroplidae

Taxonomy
Spirolina was named by Lamarck (1804) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Spirolininae by Cushman (1927); to Foraminiferida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Peneroplidae by Loeblich and Tappan (1988), Margerel (2012).

Species
S. cylindracea
Species lacking formal opinion data
S. arietina, S. austriaca, S. schweinfurth

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1804Spirolina Lamarck
1927Spirolina Cushman p. 54
1988Spirolina Loeblich and Tappan
2002Spirolina Sepkoski
2012Spirolina Margerel

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomChromistaCavalier-Smith 1981
subkingdomRhizaria()
phylumForaminifera(Eichwald 1830)
classTubothalamea
orderMiliolidaLankester 1885
RankNameAuthor
suborderMiliolinaDelage and Hérouard 1896
superfamilySoritaceaEhrenberg 1839
familyPeneroplidaeRenss 1860
genusSpirolinaLamarck 1804

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Spirolina Lamarck 1804
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Spirolina cylindracea Lamarck 1804
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitesubo
Environment: hypersaline, marinesubo
Locomotion: stationarysubo
Life habit: epifaunalsubo
Diet: deposit feedersubo
Created: 2007-09-19 08:15:21
Modified: 2009-05-20 07:26:11
Source: subo = suborder
Reference: Beavington-Penney and Racey 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Turonian to the top of the Pliocene or 93.90000 to 2.58000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 89.8 Ma

Collections (15 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Egypt S. schweinfurth (140954)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0Greece (Ionian Islands) S. sp. (276123 276124 276125 276126)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Libya S. sp. (42125)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Hungary S. sp. (171633)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Spain S. sp. (165575)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Italy (Vicenza) S. cylindracea (138115)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Italy (Vicenza) S. sp. (151437)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Iran S. cylindracea (138869) S. sp. (138868)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Austria S. austriaca (73299)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Egypt S. arietina (147632 147641)