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Bothriolepididae

Placodermi - Bothriolepidiformes - Bothriolepididae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1886Bothriolepidae Cope
1886Bothriolepididae Cope
1975Bothriolepididae Denison p. 23
1978Bothriolepidae Denison
1981Bothriolepidae Weems et al. p. 986
2001Bothriolepididae Lukševičs
2001Bothriolepidae Thomson and Thomas p. 683
2016Bothriolepididae Nelson et al. p. 38
2019Bothriolepididae van der Laan p. 28

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
RankNameAuthor
superclassGnathostomata
classPlacodermiM'Coy 1848
—Antiarchi(Cope 1885)
orderBothriolepidiformes
familyBothriolepididaeCope 1886
familyBothriolepididaeCope 1886

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Bothriolepididae Cope 1886
show all | hide all
G. †Bothriolepis Eichwald 1840
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†Bothriolepis africana Long et al. 1997
†Bothriolepis alvesiensis Stensio 1948
†Bothriolepis amankonyrica Malinovskaya 1988
†Bothriolepis antarctica Woodward 1921
†Bothriolepis askinae Young 1988
†Bothriolepis babichevi Malinovskaya 1992
†Bothriolepis barretti Young 1988
†Bothriolepis canadensis Whiteaves 1880
†Bothriolepis cellulosa Pander 1846
†Bothriolepis ciecere Lyarskaia 1974
†Bothriolepis cristata Traquair 1895
†Bothriolepis curonica Gross 1942
†Bothriolepis dairbhrensis Dupret et al. 2023
†Bothriolepis dorakarasugensis Moloshnikov 2009
†Bothriolepis evaldi Lyarskaya 1986
†Bothriolepis extensa Sergienko 1961
†Bothriolepis favosa Agassiz 1844
†Bothriolepis gigantea Miles 1968
†Bothriolepis grenfellensis Johanson 1997
†Bothriolepis hayi Miles 1968
†Bothriolepis heckeri Lukševičs 2001
†Bothriolepis hicklingi Miles 1968
†Bothriolepis hydrophila Agassiz 1844
†Bothriolepis jani Luksevics 1986
†Bothriolepis jarviki Stensio 1948
†Bothriolepis karawaka Young 1988
†Bothriolepis kassini Malinovskaya 1988
†Bothriolepis kohni Young 1988
†Bothriolepis leptocheira Traquair 1893
†Bothriolepis lohesti Leriche 1931
†Bothriolepis longi Johanson and Young 1999
†Bothriolepis macrocephala Egerton 1862
†Bothriolepis maeandrina Hoffman 1911
†Bothriolepis major Agassiz 1844
†Bothriolepis markovskii Moloshnikov 2010
†Bothriolepis mawsoni Young 1988
†Bothriolepis maxima Gross 1933
†Bothriolepis nielseni Stensio 1948
†Bothriolepis nikitinae Malinovskaya 1988
†Bothriolepis nitida Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Bothriolepis coloradensis Eastman 1904 [synonym], Bothriolepis darbiensis Denison 1951 [synonym], Bothriolepis minor Newberry 1889 [synonym]
†Bothriolepis niushoushanensis Pan et al. 1980
†Bothriolepis obesa Traquair 1888
†Bothriolepis ornata Eichwald 1840
†Bothriolepis panderi Lahusen 1880
†Bothriolepis paradoxa Agassiz 1845
†Bothriolepis pavariensis Lyarskaia 1974
†Bothriolepis perija Young and Moody 2002
†Bothriolepis prima Gross 1942
†Bothriolepis rex Downs et al. 2016
†Bothriolepis siberica Obruchev 1941
†Bothriolepis sibirica Obruchev 1941
†Bothriolepis sosnensis Moloshnikov 2003
†Bothriolepis tastenica Malinovskaya 1988
†Bothriolepis tatongensis Long and Werdelin 1986
†Bothriolepis taylori Miles 1968
†Bothriolepis traquairi Bryant 1924
†Bothriolepis tungseni Chang 1965
†Bothriolepis turanica Obruchev 1939
†Bothriolepis virginiensis Weems et al. 1981
†Bothriolepis volongensis Luksevics and Sorokin 1999
†Bothriolepis vuwae Young 1988
†Bothriolepis warreni Long 1983
†Bothriolepis wilsoni Miles 1968
†Bothriolepis yeungae Johanson 1998
†Bothriolepis zhujiangyuanensis Xian et al. 2025
Invalid names: Stenacanthus Leidy 1856 [synonym]
G. †Briagalepis Long et al. 1990
+
†Briagalepis warreni Long et al. 1990
G. †Chahuaqingolepis Liu et al. 2023
+
†Chahuaqingolepis magniporus Liu et al. 2023
G. †Grossilepis Stensiö 1948
+
†Grossilepis brandi Miles 1968
†Grossilepis rikiki Olive 2015
†Grossilepis spinosa Gross 1942
G. †Houershanaspis Lu et al. 2017
+
†Houershanaspis zhangi Lu et al. 2017
G. †Livnolepis Moloshnikov 2008
+
†Livnolepis heckeri Moloshnikov and Linkevich 2017
†Livnolepis zadonica Obruchev 1983
G. †Monarolepis Young 1988
+
†Monarolepis verrucosa Young 1988
G. †Vietnamaspis Long et al. 1990
+
†Vietnamaspis trii Long et al. 1990
G. †Wufengshania Pan et al. 2018
+
†Wufengshania magniforaminis Pan et al. 2018
Invalid names: Bothriolepidae Cope 1886 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: nektonicc
Diet: carnivorec
Created: 2004-08-17 14:32:58
Modified: 2004-08-17 16:32:58
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Pragian to the top of the Late/Upper Famennian or 413.02000 to 358.86000 Ma

Collections (115 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pragian413.02 - 410.62China Houershanaspis zhangi (239893)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47Australia (New South Wales) Monarolepis verrucosa (233190)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47China Bothriolepis tungseni (238079)
Emsian - Givetian410.62 - 382.31Antarctica Bothriolepis askinae (207077) Bothriolepis kohni (207078) Bothriolepis portalensis (207084)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47China Wufengshania magniforaminis (238391)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95China Bothriolepis shaokuanensis (239510) Bothriolepis zhujiangyuanensis (239498)
Middle Devonian393.47 - 382.31China (Yunnan) Chahuaqingolepis magniporus (231908)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9China (Guangxi) Bothriolepis sp. (238314)
Early/Lower Givetian - Middle Givetian387.95 - 383.4Australia (New South Wales) Bothriolepis sp. (238202)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Lithuania Bothriolepis obrutschewi, Bothriolepis prima (239147)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Antarctica Bothriolepis barretti (207075) Bothriolepis barretti, Bothriolepis karawaka, Bothriolepis macphersoni, Bothriolepis mawsoni, Bothriolepis vuwae (207098) Bothriolepis karawaka, Bothriolepis mawsoni (207087) Bothriolepis karawaka, Bothriolepis mawsoni, Bothriolepis vuwae (207086) Bothriolepis portalensis (207089 207097)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Kazakhstan Bothriolepis babichevi (239491)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China Bothriolepis kwangtungensis, Bothriolepis lochangensis (239509)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Australia (Victoria) Bothriolepis cullodenensis, Bothriolepis fergusoni, Bothriolepis gippslandiensis (225605)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Vietnam Vietnamaspis trii, Briagalepis warreni (238043)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Michigan) Bothriolepis sp. (238762)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Latvia Bothriolepis obrutschewi, Bothriolepis prima (239144)
Givetian - Frasnian387.95 - 372.15China (Hunan) Bothriolepis sinensis (233242)
Middle Givetian385.9 - 383.4Ireland Bothriolepis dairbhrensis (239412)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Latvia Bothriolepis curonica, Grossilepis spinosa (225777)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Australia (Victoria) Bothriolepis cullodenensis, Bothriolepis bindareei, Bothriolepis warreni (239410) Bothriolepis cullodenensis, Bothriolepis fergusoni, Bothriolepis gippslandiensis (196710) Bothriolepis sp., Bothriolepis cullodenensis, Bothriolepis warreni (239411)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Belarus Bothriolepis sp. (225888)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31China Bothriolepis sp. (209617)
Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian383.4 - 379.0Venezuela Bothriolepis perija (239502)
Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian383.4 - 379.0Australia (Victoria) Bothriolepis tatongensis (239421)
Early/Lower Frasnian382.31 - 379.0Australia (Western Australia) Bothriolepis sp. (233189)
Early/Lower Frasnian382.31 - 379.0Russian Federation (Kemerovskaya Oblast) Bothriolepis sp. (84383)
Early/Lower Frasnian382.31 - 379.0Latvia Bothriolepis cellulosa (239145)
Early/Lower Frasnian382.31 - 379.0Russian Federation Bothriolepis panderi (239153) Bothriolepis prima (90346)
Early/Lower Frasnian - Middle Frasnian382.31 - 375.2Australia (New South Wales) Bothriolepis longi (238740)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15United Kingdom Bothriolepis laverocklochensis (239497) Bothriolepis taylori (239215) Grossilepis brandi (239908)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Russian Federation Bothriolepis maxima (239151) Bothriolepis obrutschewi, Grossilepis tuberculata (239150) Bothriolepis panderi (239134) Bothriolepis volongensis (239513)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (Arizona) Bothriolepis sp. (238077)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (Pennsylvania) Bothriolepis minor (164512)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (Colorado) Bothriolepis coloradensis (207898 238488 238489 238490 238491)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Latvia Bothriolepis cellulosa, Grossilepis tuberculata (239143) Bothriolepis evaldi (239137 239142) Bothriolepis leptocheira (239138) Bothriolepis leptocheira, Grossilepis spinosa (239135) Bothriolepis maxima (239136 239140 239141 239149) Bothriolepis maxima, Grossilepis spinosa (178741) Bothriolepis sp. (239146) Bothriolepis traudscholdi (239148)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Kazakhstan Bothriolepis amankonyrica (239493) Bothriolepis kassini, Bothriolepis nikitinae (239492) Bothriolepis tastenica (239494)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Canada (Quebec) Bothriolepis canadensis (179176)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Poland Bothriolepis jazwicensis (82658)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Russian Federation (Tuva) Bothriolepis sibirica (214854 214855) Bothriolepis sibirica, Bothriolepis dorakarasugensis (214853)
Frasnian - Famennian382.31 - 358.86United Kingdom Bothriolepis wilsoni (239423)
Frasnian - Famennian382.31 - 358.86USA (Pennsylvania) Bothriolepis sp. (225800)
Late/Upper Devonian382.31 - 358.86United Kingdom Bothriolepis hayi (239213)
Late/Upper Devonian382.31 - 358.86USA (Virginia) Bothriolepis virginiensis (103795)
Late/Upper Devonian382.31 - 358.86Colombia (Boyacá) Bothriolepis sp. (211928)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2Russian Federation (Saint Petersburg) Bothriolepis traudscholdi (196703)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2Canada (Nunavut) Bothriolepis rex (236499)
Middle Frasnian - Late/Upper Frasnian379.0 - 372.15United Kingdom Bothriolepis major, Bothriolepis alvesiensis, Bothriolepis gigantea (239413)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Russian Federation Bothriolepis markovskii (239495) Bothriolepis maxima (238745)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15United Kingdom (Scotland) Bothriolepis paradoxa (176215)
Early/Lower Famennian372.15 - 368.5Russian Federation (Oryol Oblast) Bothriolepis sosnensis (176223)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86South Africa (Eastern Cape) Bothriolepis africana (68049)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Latvia Bothriolepis ciecere (238206) Bothriolepis ornata, Bothriolepis ciecere (176220) Bothriolepis ornata, Bothriolepis jani (238744)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86United Kingdom Bothriolepis hicklingi (239419 239420) Bothriolepis hydrophila (238708) Bothriolepis major, Bothriolepis alvesiensis, Bothriolepis cristata (238860) Bothriolepis sp. (238865 239214) Bothriolepis sp., Bothriolepis macrocephala (238866)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Greenland Bothriolepis groenlandica (239508) Bothriolepis jarviki (238738) Bothriolepis nielseni (238877)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Belgium Bothriolepis lohesti (239511)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Russian Federation Bothriolepis heckeri (239414) Bothriolepis ornata (239152)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86China (Ningxia) Bothriolepis niushoushanensis (207050)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Australia (New South Wales) Bothriolepis grenfellensis (238074) Bothriolepis yeungae (207370)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86USA (Pennsylvania) Bothriolepis nitidus (164511) Bothriolepis sp. (28211 239487)
Middle Famennian368.5 - 365.2Russian Federation Bothriolepis ciecere (238703)
Middle Famennian368.5 - 365.2Russian Federation (Oryol Oblast) Bothriolepis siberica, Livnolepis zadonica (226045) Livnolepis zadonica (239447)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86Belgium Grossilepis rikiki (131916)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86Russian Federation (Tulskaya Oblast) Bothriolepis sp. (176224)