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Characoidei

Osteichthyes - Characiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2013Characoidei Betancur et al.
2016Characoidei Nelson et al. p. 195
2019Characoidei van der Laan p. 66

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
RankNameAuthor
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Otomorpha
superorderOstariophysiJordan and Evermann 1896
—Otophysa
orderCharaciformesRegan 1911
suborderCharacoidei
suborderCharacoidei

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Invalid names: Acestrorhynchinae [empty], Heterocharacinae [empty], Roestinae [empty]
Superfm. Alestoidea
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G. Hydrocynus Cuvier 1816
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G. Colossoma Cuvier 1818
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Invalid names: Agoniatinae [empty], Aphyocharacinae [empty], Aphyoditeinae [empty], Bryconinae [empty], Characinae [empty], Cheirodontinae [empty], Clupeacharacinae [empty], Gymnocharacinae [empty], Iguanodectinae [empty], Rhoadsiinae [empty], Stethaprioninae [empty], Stevardiinae [empty], Tetragonopterinae Lundberg 1997 [empty]
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Invalid names: Charcidiinae [empty], Crenuchinae [empty]
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G. Hydrolycus Lundberg 1997
G. Rhaphiodon Agassiz 1829
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G. Hoplias Gill 1903
Superfm. Erythrinoidea
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G. Leporinus Lundberg 1997
Invalid names: Curimatidae [empty]
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Invalid names: Bivibranchiini [empty], Hemiodontini [empty]
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Invalid names: Lebiasininae [empty], Pyrrhulininae [empty]
Fm. Serrasalmidae Günther 1864
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G. †Megapiranha Cione et al. 2009
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†Megapiranha paranensis Cione et al. 2009
G. Mylossoma Eigenmann and Kennedy 1903
G. Piaractus Eigenmann 1903
Invalid names: Bryconidae [empty], Chalceidae [empty], Characoidea [empty], Chilodontidae Eigenmann 1912 [empty], Crenuchoidea [empty], Ctenoluciidae [empty], Gasteropelecidae [empty], Hepsetidae [empty], Parodontidae [empty], Prochilodontidae [empty], Triportheidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: freshwatero
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 10:36:16
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:36:16
Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Calabrian or 72.20000 to 0.77400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (136 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Romania (Hunedoara) Characidae indet. (67811)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Bolivia (Cochabamba) Characoidei indet., Tetragonopterinae indet. (12855)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Bolivia (Mizque) Hoplias sp. (13501)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Bolivia Serrasalmidae indet., Erythrinidae indet. (176065)
Thanetian - Ypresian59.24 - 48.07Peru (Puno) Tetragonopterinae indet. (28230 132938)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Algeria Characidae indet. (71984)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Hydrocynus sp. (149173)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Peru Cynodontidae indet. (176154) Leporinus sp. (176136 176139)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Peru (Loreto) Colossoma sp., Hydrolycus sp. (176140) Leporinus sp. (176151)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.07 - 33.9Libya (Sirt) Alestidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (187328) Hydrocynus sp. (175361 175362 187327)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71United Kingdom (England) Characoidei indet. (39014)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Peru (San Martin) Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (225588)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Peru (San Martín) Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (225589)
Priabonian - Rupelian37.71 - 27.3Peru (Loreto) Leporinus sp. (144474)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Peru Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (199559 199561 199563 225590)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.04Peru (Loreto) Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176129)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.04Peru Anostomidae indet. sp 1, Anostomidae indet. sp 2, Hydrolycus sp. (199560) Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (199562)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Kenya Alestidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (174672)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Tanzania (Mbeya) Alestidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (190951)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Peru (Loreto) Erythrinidae indet., Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176130) Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176147)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Peru Anostomidae indet. (176155) Hydrolycus sp. (176148)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Uganda Characidae indet. (22344) Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22247 22396 22398 22400 22405 22419 22433) Hydrocynus sp. (22214 22217 22218 22245 22392 22422 22437 22457)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Peru Anostomidae indet., Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176149)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Uganda Alestidae indet. (192070)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Colombia (La Guajira) Serrasalmidae sp., Characidae sp. (166506)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Colombia (Guajira) Mylossoma sp., Piaractus brachypomus (190376)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Peru Anostomidae indet., Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176135)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Peru (Loreto) Colossoma macropomum (224013) Hoplias sp., Serrasalmidae indet., Colossoma macropomum (224012) Serrasalmidae indet., Characidae indet., Cynodontidae indet., Mylossoma sp. (224007) Serrasalmidae indet., Colossoma macropomum (224009) Serrasalmidae indet., Cynodontidae indet. (224010)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Peru Anostomidae indet., Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176156) Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176143)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Colombia (Huila) Characidae indet., Colossoma macropomum, Hydrolycus sp., Tetragonopterinae indet. (186683) Colossoma macropomum (186447 186669) Hydrolycus sp. (186678) Leporinus sp. (186679)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Venezuela Serrasalmidae indet. (200110 200111)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Brazil (Acre) Colossoma sp. (55602)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Peru Anostomidae tricuspid teeth, Anostomidae hexacuspid teeth, Hydrolycus sp. (176162) Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp. (176133)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Uganda Hydrocynus sp. (22358 22443)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Kenya Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22241)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6Chad Hydrocynus sp. (24181)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6Uganda Hydrocynus sp. (22345)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Entre Rios) Cynodontidae indet., Colossoma macropomus (55600) Megapiranha paranensis (140471 140472)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad Hydrocynus sp. (59839)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Tanzania Hydrocynus sp. (22042 22058)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (22242)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58Kenya Characoidea spp. (22237)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22240) Hydrocynus sp. (21406 21510)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Uganda Characidae indet. (22250) Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22258) Hydrocynus sp. (22198 22257 22265)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Kenya Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22235 22239)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Characidae indet., Hydrocynus sp. (22122 22346)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Uganda Hydrocynus sp. (22202 22203 22207 22209)
Montehermosan5.0 - 3.8Argentina (Buenos Aires) Characidae indet. (152081 198863)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Egypt Hydrocynus sp. (22592)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Venezuela (Falcon) Hoplias sp., Serrasalmidae indet., Mylossoma sp. (122033)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Ethiopia Hydrocynus sp. (21546)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Colombia (La Guajira) Serrasalmidae sp., Characidae sp., Hydrolycus scomberoides, Hydrolycus sp., Rhaphiodon sp. (166508)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (21425 21432 21436 21485 21509)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Uganda Hydrocynus sp. (22178)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (21398 21412 21418 21420 21451 21457 21461 21478 21483 21486 21504 21537)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Ethiopia Hydrocynus sp. (21545)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (21367 21370 21421 21462 21495 21498 22342)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya Hydrocynus sp. (21368 21443)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya (Rift Valley) Hydrocynus sp. (21294)