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Istiophoriformes

Osteichthyes - Istiophoriformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2013Istiophoriformes Betancur et al.
2016Istiophoriformes Nelson et al. p. 387
2019Istiophoriformes Ebersole et al. p. 166
2019Istiophoriformes van der Laan p. 77
2024Istiophoriformes Ebersole et al. p. 13
2025Istiophoriformes Cicimurri et al. p. 81

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Acanthopterygii
—Percomorphaceae
—Carangaria
orderIstiophoriformes
orderIstiophoriformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Fm. Blochiidae Bleeker 1859
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G. †Acestrus Agassiz 1845
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†Acestrus elongatus Casier 1966
†Acestrus ornatus Woodward 1901
G. †Blochius Volta 1800
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†Blochius longirostris Volta 1796
†Blochius macropterus de Zigno 1887
†Blochius moorheadi Eastman 1911
G. †Congorhynchus Darteville and Casier 1949
G. †Loancorhynchus Otero 2019
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Invalid names: Blochioides Pictet 1854 [synonym], Rostrati Giebel 1847 [synonym]
Fm. †Hemingwayidae Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2002
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G. †Hemingwaya Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2002
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†Hemingwaya sarissa Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2002
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G. †Hemirhabdorhynchus Casier 1946
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G. Istiophorus Lacépède 1802
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†Istiophorus antiquus Leidy 1855
†Istiophorus parvulus Marsh 1869
Istiophorus platypterus Shaw and Nodder 1792
Invalid names: Brachyrhynchus Van Beneden 1871 [synonym], Encheiziphius Rutimeyer 1857 [synonym]
G. Makaira Lacépède 1802
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†Makaira belgicus Leriche 1926
Makaira indica Cuvier 1832
Makaira nigricans Lacépède 1802
†Makaira panamensis Fierstine 1978
†Makaira purdyi Fierstine 1999
†Makaira teretirostris Van Beneden 1871
G. †Marlina Grey 1928
G. Tetrapturus Rafinesque 1810
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†Tetrapturus albidus Poey 1860
Invalid names: Istiophorus solidus Van Beneden 1871 [invalid subgroup]
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G. †Aglyptorhynchus Casier 1966
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†Aglyptorhynchus columbianus Fierstine 2005
†Aglyptorhynchus hakataramea Gottfried 2012
†Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus Casier 1946
G. †Enniskillenus Casier 1966
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†Enniskillenus radiatus Agassiz 1833
G. †Homorhynchus Van Beneden 1873
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†Homorhynchus bruxelliensis Van Beneden 1873
†Homorhynchus colei Agassiz 1842
G. †Palaeorhynchus de Blainville 1818
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†Palaeorhynchus glarisianum de Blainville 1818
†Palaeorhynchus parini Bannikov 1992
†Palaeorhynchus senectus Danilt'chenko 1962
†Palaeorhynchus zitteli Kramberger 1879
†Palaeorhynchus zorzini Fierstine et al. 2008
G. †Pseudotetrapturus Danil'chenko 1960
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†Pseudotetrapturus luteus Danil'chenko 1960
Invalid names: Aglyptorhynchinae Fierstine and Weems 2009 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Xiphiidae Swainson 1839 [sword fish]
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G. †Embalorhynchus Marsh 1869
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†Embalorhynchus kinnei Marsh 1869
G. †Glyptorhynchus Leriche
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†Glyptorhynchus compressus Leriche 1936
Subfm. Xiphiinae Swainson 1839
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G. †Rotundorhynchus Monsch 2004
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G. †Tamesichthys Casier 1966
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†Tamesichthys decipiens Casier 1966
G. Xiphias Linnaeus 1758 [sword fish]
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Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Xiphias delfortrieri Lawley 1876 [synonym]
†Xiphias radiata Clark 1895
Invalid names: Istiophorini Lutken 1875 [empty], Xiphiorhynchini Regan 1909 [empty]
Subfm. †Xiphiorhynchinae Regan 1909
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G. †Thalattorhynchus Schultz 1987
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G. †Xiphiorhynchus Van Beneden 1871
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†Xiphiorhynchus courcelli Arambourg 1927
†Xiphiorhynchus elegans Van Beneden 1871
†Xiphiorhynchus eocaenicus Woodward 1901
†Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki Fierstine and Applegate 1974
†Xiphiorhynchus parvus Casier 1966
†Xiphiorhynchus rotundus Monsch et al. 2005
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2009-07-20 21:50:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:54
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.2 Ma

Collections (86 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (New Jersey) Congorhynchus elliotti (221052)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (New Jersey) Histiophorus homalorhamphus (3113)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (Maryland) Ischyrhiza radiata (84045)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Xiphiidae indet. (38950)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy Blochius longirostris, Blochius macropterus, Palaeorhynchus zorzini (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Turkmenistan Hemingwaya sarissa (186444)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Aglyptorhynchus venablesi, Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus (8050) Xiphiorhynchus sp., Aglyptorhynchus venablesi, Enniskillenus radiatus, Tamesichthys decipens, Hemirhabdorhynchus elliotti, Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus, Xiphiorhynchus parvus (13299)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Virginia) Aglyptorhynchus veneblesi (15595)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Belgium Hemirhabdorhynchus ypresiansis, Glyptorhynchus bruxelliensis, Glyptorhynchus sp., Glyptorhynchus sulcatus, Hemirhabdorhynchus depressus, Glyptorhynchus compressus (219001)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom Makaira sp., Aglyptorhynchus venablesi, Acestrus ornatus, Enniskillenus radiatus, Rotundorhynchus brittanicus, Tamesichthys decipiens, Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus (215472)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (New Jersey) Xiphias antiquus (84050)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Georgia Palaeorhynchus senectus (185619)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03United Kingdom (England) Aglyptorhynchus sp. (41994) Aglyptorhynchus sp., Brachyrhynchus sp. (41989) Aglyptorhynchus sp., Xiphiorhynchus sp., Brachyrhynchus sp. (41992) Xiphiorhynchus sp. (41888)
Lutetian - Bartonian48.07 - 37.71Antarctica (Seymour Island) Xiphiorhynchus sp. (53666)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Chile Loancorhynchus catrillancai (204548)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Uzbekistan Blochiidae indet. (45701 45702)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.07 - 33.9Iran Palaeorhynchus sp. (205345)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Mississippi) Xiphiorhynchus eocaenicus (61249)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (North Carolina) Xiphiorhynchus antiquus (5387)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Russian Federation Palaeorhynchus parini (186448)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (New Jersey) Histiophorus parvulus (84022)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Kazakhstan Xiphias sp. (113118)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Xiphiorhynchus sp., Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki (75638)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (South Carolina) Aglyptorhynchus sp. (188100)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Poland Palaeorhynchus zitteli (186475)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Palaeorhynchus zitteli, Palaeorhynchus glarisianus (68021)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Romania Palaeorhynchus longirostris, Palaeorhynchus glarisianus (113962) Palaeorhynchus zitteli (50344)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Russian Federation Palaeorhynchus parini (186469) Palaeorhynchus zitteli (186452)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Switzerland (Glarus) Homorhynchus colei (186471)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Alabama) Xiphiorhynchus sp., Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki (235364)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.04USA (Washington) Aglyptorhynchus columbianus (134453) Aglyptorhynchus sp. (134454)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Georgia (Abkhazia) Homorhynchus colei, Pseudotetrapturus luteus (186462)
Duntroonian27.3 - 25.2New Zealand (South Island) Aglyptorhynchus hakataramea (135847)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Xiphias sp. (48647)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04USA (South Carolina) Aglyptorhynchus sp. (97550) Xiphiorhynchus aegyptiacus (211540) Xiphiorhynchus rotundus (45781)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Russian Federation (Dagestan) Pseudotetrapturus luteus (186449)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Austria Glyptorhynchus denticulatus (76129)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Hungary (Esztergom) Aglyptorhynchus sp. (186636)
Aquitanian - Langhian23.04 - 13.82USA (North Carolina) Hemirhabdorhynchus sp. (48887)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Peru Makaira sp. (167732)
Langhian - Serravallian15.98 - 11.63USA (California) Makaira sp. (46069)
Badenian13.82 - 12.8Austria Thalattorhynchus austriacus (186659)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63USA (Virginia) Istiophorus sp. (187324)
Tortonian - Serravallian11.63 - 11.63USA (Virginia) Istiophorus calvertensis (105548)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246USA (California) Istiophoridae indet. (50069)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama Makaira nigricans (24237)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Chile (Atacama) Istiophoridae indet. (80365)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Italy Melanonus triangulus (178120 187504)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Italy (Apulia) Makaira nigricans (45503)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Peru (Ica) Xiphiidae indet. (45487)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Panama Makaira panamensis (192109)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Peru Xiphiorhynchus sp. (46083)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria (Oran) Xiphiorhynchus courcelli (59256)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333USA (Virginia) Makaira nigricans (70529)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Peru Xiphiidae indet. (13079)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chile (Antwerpen) Makaira sp., Istiophoridae indet. (162358)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Xiphiorhynchus courcelli (186631)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chile Xiphiidae indet., Istiophoridae indet. (154642)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Istiophorus platypterus, Makaira indica, Makaira nigricans, Makaira purdyi, Tetrapturus albidus, Xiphias gladius (52582)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6France Encheiziphius teretirostris (56693)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Chile (Antofagasta Region) Xiphiidae indet. (241742)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy Xiphias gladius (210256)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Xiphiidae indet. (100313)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy (Tuscany) Makaira sp. (190383)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Italy Xiphias delfortrierii (96767)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (California) Istiophorus platypterus (206459)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Mexico (Baja California Sur) Istiophoridae indet. (204356) Makaira nigricans (204355 204357)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58USA (California) Istiophoridae indet. (75482)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.8Chile Xiphiidae indet. (277625)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.8Italy Xiphias gladius (57058)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Italy (Bologna) Xiphias gladius (186574)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774USA (South Carolina) Istiophorus albicans (188304)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (California) Xiphias gladius (276600)