| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Paralichthyidae
Taxonomy
Paralichthyidae is a family. It is extant.
It was assigned to Scophthalmidae by David (1943); to Heterosomata by Jordan (1963); to Pleuronectiformes by Fierstine et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018); to Pleuronectoidei by Betancur et al. (2013), Schwarzhans and Nielsen (2021); and to Pleuronectoidea by Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Scophthalmidae by David (1943); to Heterosomata by Jordan (1963); to Pleuronectiformes by Fierstine et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018); to Pleuronectoidei by Betancur et al. (2013), Schwarzhans and Nielsen (2021); and to Pleuronectoidea by Cicimurri et al. (2022).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1943 | Paralichthinae David p. 164 |
| 1963 | Paralichthyidae Jordan p. 668 |
| 2012 | Paralichthyidae Fierstine et al. p. 156 |
| 2013 | Paralichthyidae Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Paralichthyidae Nelson et al. p. 398 |
| 2018 | Paralichthyidae Carnevale and Godfrey p. 197 |
| 2021 | Paralichthyidae Schwarzhans and Nielsen p. 45 |
| 2022 | Paralichthyidae Cicimurri et al. |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Paralichthyidae
show all | hide all
G. Citharichthys Bleeker 1862
hide
†Citharichthys oranensis Arambourg 1927
†Citharichthys parvisulcus Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
Citharichthys sordidus Girard 1854
Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan and Gilbert 1882
†Citharichthys varians Casier 1966
†Citharichthys vergens Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
Citharichthys xanthostigma Gilbert 1890
G. Paralichthys Girard 1858
hide
Subg. †Paralichthys (Vorator) Jordan 1925
†Paralichthys antiquus Jordan 1924
Paralichthys californicus Ayres 1859
†Paralichthys yamanai Sakamoto and Uyeno 1993
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Priabonian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 37.71000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Collections (36 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | Citharichthys sp. (75638) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Louisiana) | Paralichthyidae indet. (164391) | |
| Rupelian | USA (South Carolina) | Paralichthyidae indet. (60444) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (Louisiana) | Citharichthys sp. (44521) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Venezuela (Paraguana) | Citharichthys sp. (118106) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Chile | Citharichthys parvisulcus (46980 46982 241729 241730 241731) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Tottori) | Paralichthys yamanai (161450) | |
| Burdigalian | Chile | Citharichthys vergens (241734 241735) | |
| Middle Miocene | Venezuela (Falcon) | Citharichthys sp. (161210) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Tottori) | Paralichthys yamanai (190896) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Hippoglossus antiquus (45489) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | Citharichthys sp. (145519 145520 145521 145523) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Chile (Bio-Bio) | Citharichthys parvisulcus (46978) | |
| Tortonian - Piacenzian | USA (California) | Paralichthys sp. (188305) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Citharichthys oranensis (59256) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Esmeraldas) | Citharichthys sp. (135043) | |
| Zanclean | USA (California) | Paralichthys sp. (184964) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Citharichthys sp., Paralichthys sp. (52582) | |
| Pliocene | Jamaica | Citharichthys sp. (186673) | |
| Piacenzian | Chile | Paralichthys sp. (221049) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Citharichthys sp., Paralichthys californicus, Citharichthys sordidus, Citharichthys stigmaeus (219849) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Citharichthys sordidus (194882 222408) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Citharichthys stigmaeus (85314) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Citharichthys spp., Paralichthys californicus, Citharichthys sordidus, Citharichthys stigmaeus (59063) Paralichthys californicus (190889) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (California) | Citharichthys sp. (20646) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Louisiana) | Citharichthys sp. (161932) |