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Paralenorthis

Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Orthidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1980Paralenorthis Havlicek and Branisa
1990Paralenorthis Potter
1993Paralenorthis Jaanusson and Bassett
2000Paralenorthis Williams et al. p. 727
2002Paralenorthis Sepkoski
2003Paralenorthis Benedetto
2009Paralenorthis Popov et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderOrthidaSchuchert and Cooper 1932
suborderOrthidinaSchuchert and Cooper 1932
superfamilyOrthoideaWoodward 1852
familyOrthidaeWoodward 1852
genusParalenorthisHavlicek and Branisa 1980

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Paralenorthis Havlicek and Branisa 1980
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†Paralenorthis alabamensis Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Paralenorthis alata de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
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Invalid names: Lenorthis carausii Davidson 1868 [synonym]
†Paralenorthis buttsi Schuchert and Cooper 1932
†Paralenorthis carlottoi Gutiérrez−Marco and Villas 2007
†Paralenorthis costata Zhan et al. 2014
†Paralenorthis estenaensis Reyes-Abril et al. 2010
†Paralenorthis immitatrix Havlicek and Branisa 1980
†Paralenorthis lolae Reyes-Abril et al. 2010
†Paralenorthis luritjaorum Jakobsen et al. 2014
†Paralenorthis marshalli Wilson 1926
†Paralenorthis minusculus Phleger, Jr. 1933
†Paralenorthis mollesensis Levy and Nullo 1973
†Paralenorthis panderania Hall and Clarke 1892
†Paralenorthis proava Salter 1865
†Paralenorthis rgaitensis Nikitina 1985
†Paralenorthis riojanus Levy and Nullo 1973
†Paralenorthis robustus Neuman 1964
†Paralenorthis semnanensis Popov et al. 2009
†Paralenorthis serica Chang 1934
†Paralenorthis suriensis Benedetto 2003
Invalid names: Orthis calligramma chinensis Chang 1934 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100g
Adult width: 10 to < 100g
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10g
Folds: noneg
Ribbing: majorg
Spines: noneg
Internal reinforcement: noneg
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Comments: BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al (2002).g
Created: 2009-06-04 08:43:53
Modified: 2009-06-04 10:43:53
Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Cassinian to the top of the Whiterockian or 483.40000 to 457.30000 Ma

Collections (179 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tremadoc486.4 - 477.1Iran P. semnanensis (116235 116238 116241)
Cassinian483.4 - 471.3USA (Tennessee) Orthambonites alabamensis (210749 210752)
Moridunian477.1 - 473.8United Kingdom (Wales) Lenorthis alata (166756 166757)
Floian477.1 - 471.3China (Hubei) P. serica (186113 186114 186117 186118 186119 186120 186121)
Floian477.1 - 471.3Peru P. carlottoi (185971) P. immitatrix (185972 185975 185976 185977 185978 185979 185980 185981 185982 210687)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Canada (New Brunswick) Orthambonites robustus (185952)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Argentina (San Juan) P. sp. (8743)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0United Kingdom (Wales) P. proava (160489)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Argentina P. riojanus (210685) P. sp. (8721 8777 8783 8875)
Arenigian477.1 - 468.0Argentina P. riojanus (115176 115180 115181 115182 115183) P. suriensis (115170 115171 115174)
Arenigian477.1 - 468.0USA (Maine) Orthambonites robustus (115153)
Arenigian - Llanvirn477.1 - 458.2Canada (Northwest Territories) Orthambonites marshalli (25283)
Blackhillsian475.3 - 471.3USA (Alabama) Orthis alabamensis (186527)
Whitlandian473.8 - 470.7United Kingdom (Wales) Lenorthis alata (3713 3714)
Langevoja472.1 - 469.1Estonia (Ida-Viru) Orthambonites orbicularis (191535)
Langevoja472.1 - 469.1Russian Federation Orthambonites orbicularis (191493)
Langevoja472.1 - 469.1Estonia Orthambonites orbicularis (191553 191571 191577)
Hunderum472.1 - 465.9Estonia (Harju) Orthambonites orbicularis (191597)
Rangerian471.3 - 470.3USA (Nevada) Orthambonites minisculus (297 104448 104450 104452 104453 104460) P. marshalli (104429 104430)
Rangerian471.3 - 470.3USA (Maine) Orthambonites robustus (115156 115157 115158 115161)
Rangerian471.3 - 470.3USA (California) Orthambonites marshalli (104305)
Dapingian471.3 - 469.4China (Hubei) P. serica (186122 186127)
Dapingian471.3 - 469.4Bolivia (Capinota) P. immitatrix (8782)
Dapingian471.3 - 469.4Iran P. suriensis (189380 189388)
Volkhov471.3 - 469.1Estonia (Harju) Orthambonites orbicularis (191503 191562 191596)
Volkhov471.3 - 469.1Estonia Orthambonites orbicularis (191462)
Volkhov471.3 - 469.1Russian Federation Orthambonites orbicularis (174006) P. orbicularis (157085 157110 157111 157112 157113 157114 157115 157116 157117 157118 157119 157120 157121 157122 157123 157124 157125 157126 157127 157128 157130 157131 157132 157133 157134 157135 157136 157137 157139 157140 157141)
Volkhov - Arenig471.3 - 468.0Argentina P. sp. (8865)
Middle Ordovician471.3 - 458.2USA (California) Orthambonites minisculus (226920)
Rangerian - Whiterockian471.3 - 457.3USA (California) Orthambonites marshalli (104640)
Whiterockian471.3 - 457.3USA (Nevada) Orthambonites minisculus (104446 104447 104449 104451) Orthambonites minusculus (80062 80069)
Whiterockian471.3 - 457.3USA (Maine) P. robustus (160490)
Whiterockian471.3 - 457.3USA (California) Orthis minusculus (119483 205649 219321 219326)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2China (Tibet) P. costata (186221 186222 186223 186227 186229 186230 186231 186232 186233)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2Australia (Northern Territory) P. luritjaorum (154163 154164 154165 154166 154167 154169 154170)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2Australia (Northwest Territory) P. luritjaorum (154171 154178)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2Iran P. sp. (66874)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2China (Sichuan) P. sp. (64226 64227 64235 64778 64779 64780 64782 203293 203294)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2China (Hubei) P. serica (186129 186131 186133)
Kunda469.1 - 464.3Russian Federation P. orbicularis (157142)
Kunda469.1 - 464.3Russian Federation (Vokhov area) P. orbicularis (160485)
Abereiddian468.0 - 461.1Kazakhstan P. rgaitensis (165482 165486 165487 165488 165544 165549 165593 165594 165595 165597)
Early/Lower Llanvirn468.0 - 461.1Argentina P. sp. (8747) P. vulgaris (8748)
Oretanian468.0 - 461.0Spain (Toledo) P. alata (166758)
Oretanian468.0 - 461.0Spain (Ciudad Real) P. alata (166766)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.2Bolivia (Nor Cinti) P. immitatrix (9112)
Late/Upper Llanvirn461.1 - 458.2Bolivia (Linares) P. alata (9106)
Llandeilo461.1 - 458.2Kazakhstan Orthambonites rgaitensis (186017) P. numerosa (165495 165496 165647)
Llandeilo461.1 - 458.2USA (California) P. sp. (56190)
Dobrotivian461.0 - 459.7Spain (Toledo) P. lolae, P. estenaensis (166763)
Dobrotivian461.0 - 459.7Spain (Ciudad Real) P. alata (166765) P. estenaensis (166764) P. lolae (166762)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5Kazakhstan P. numerosa (165646)