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Bilobia
Taxonomy
Bilobia was named by Cooper (1956). Its type is Bilobia hemisphaerica.
It was assigned to Leptellininae by Cooper (1956); to Leptestiinae by Mitchell (1977); to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Leptestiidae by Williams et al. (2000), Madison (2017).
It was assigned to Leptellininae by Cooper (1956); to Leptestiinae by Mitchell (1977); to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Leptestiidae by Williams et al. (2000), Madison (2017).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1956 | Bilobia Cooper pp. 760 - 761 |
| 1977 | Bilobia Mitchell |
| 2000 | Bilobia Williams et al. p. 331 |
| 2002 | Bilobia Sepkoski |
| 2017 | Bilobia Madison pp. 369 - 370 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Bilobia Cooper 1956
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†Bilobia alichovae Madison 2017
†Bilobia etheridgei Davidson 1883
†Bilobia etheridgei acuta Williams 1962
†Bilobia musca Öpik 1930
†Bilobia pisum Ruedemann 1901
†Bilobia rosendahli Spjeldnaes 1957
†Bilobia virginiensis Cooper 1956
†Bilobia yichangensis Zeng 1987
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| G. A. Cooper 1956 | Shells small, concavo-convex, with the pedicle valve tumid ; cardinal extremities auriculate ; anterior commissure sulcate ; surface multicostellate ; a few strong costellae standing out in a field of very fine costellae.
Pedicle valve with deeply impressed large muscle field ; diductor scars elongate, divergent; adductor field oval in outline, deeply impressed, separating the posterior ends of the diductors. Teeth thick ; dental plates stout ; umbonal cavities filled by callus; dental plates extended as stout ridges around outside margin of muscle field. Vascula media short and thick, bifurcating into a larger inner branch and a small, shorter outer branch. Interarea curved, longer than the one on the brachial valve, hypercline. Pseudodeltidium short. Brachial interior with strongly bilobed visceral disk, lobes triangular to rounded and the seat of attachment of the adductor muscles. Lobes with elevated rims on inside ; rims extending nearly to cardinal process. Lobes separated by a high, thin median septum extending to about the middle. Brachial processes short and small ; cardinal process with short, stout shaft bearing 3 ridges on the myophore face, a median elevated ridge and lateral lower ridges. | |
| A. A. Madison 2017 | Shell strongly concavoconvex, subtriangular in outline, with maximum width at posterior margin. Ornamentation consists of ribs of two orders. Pseudodeltidium rudimentary or absent; chilidium present; teeth large and doubled; dental plates long; denticles along posterior margin may be developed. Muscle field of ventral valve consists of large, deeply impressed and well bordered diductor scars; adductor scars may be absent in some species; wide septum composed of fused tubercles may present. Cardinal process high, cleft, with trifid myophore; bema with undercut anterior margin, divided into two parts, with septum in the middle. Platform (or diaphragm) variously developed. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Nesnidal et al. 2013 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Llanvirn to the top of the Cheneyan or 461.10000 to 451.30000 Ma
Collections (52 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Llandeilo | China (Hubei) | B. sp. (4711) | |
| Early/Lower Llandeilo | Sweden | B. sp. (2930 2932) | |
| Late/Upper Llandeilo | China (AnHui) | B. sp. (7838) | |
| Late/Upper Llanvirn | Sweden | B. sp. (2931) | |
| Costonian - Harnagian | Sweden | B. sp. (2765 2767) | |
| Aurelucian | United Kingdom (Wales) | B. musca (173809) | |
| Sandbian | Norway | Leptelloidea rosendahli (188211) | |
| Sandbian | China (Hubei) | B. yichangensis (186304 186305) | |
| Caradoc | Norway (Ringsaker) | Leptelloidea rosendahli (194768) | |
| Kukruse | Lithuania | B. sp. (207236) | |
| Kukruse | Estonia (Harju) | B. musca (193517) | |
| Kukruse - Haljala | Sweden (Dalarne) | B. sp. (192035) | |
| Idavere | Russian Federation | Leptelloidea musca (160532) | |
| Idavere | Estonia (Ida-Viru) | B. musca (193514) | |
| Idavere | Latvia (Daugavpils) | B. musca (192983) | |
| Idavere | Lithuania | B. musca (207205) | |
| Idavere | Latvia | B. musca (207207) | |
| Idavere | Estonia (Harju) | B. musca (193518 197482) | |
| Mohawkian | USA (Virginia) | B. sp. (85744 85747 85753 85754) | |
| Mohawkian | USA (Nevada) | B. sp. (321 104489) | |
| Ashbyan - Blackriveran | USA (Virginia) | B. sp. (6276 6346 6389) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Virginia) | B. virginiensis (188212) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Pennsylvania) | B. virginiensis (162391) | |
| Rocklandian | USA (Virginia) | B. sp. (6351 6355) | |
| Rocklandian - Kirkfieldian | United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) | B. etheridgei (89157) | |
| Trentonian | USA (New York) | B. pisum (164925) | |
| Longvillian - Marshbrookian | China (Anhui) | B. sp. (7836) | |
| Haljala | Russian Federation (Leningrad oblast) | B. musca (235822) | |
| Burrellian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | B. etheridgei (165046 165047 165048 165049 165050) | |
| Johvi | Estonia (Harju) | B. musca (193519 197483) | |
| Johvi | Belarus | B. musca (195478) | |
| Johvi | Estonia (Ida-Viru) | B. musca (193515 193522 197475) | |
| Cheneyan | United Kingdom (Scotland) | B. etheridgei (164412 219884) |