PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Christiania

Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Christianiidae

Taxonomy

Christiania was named by Hall and Clarke (1892).

It was assigned to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Christianiidae by Mitchell (1977), Williams et al. (2000), Popov et al. (2000), Cocks (2005), Zhan and Jin (2005), Cocks (2010).

Species

C. aseptata, C. bilobata, C. dalarnensis, C. egregia, C. elongata, C. hastata, C. hollii, C. holtedahli, C. huanghuaensis, C. magna, C. nilssoni, C. perrugata, C. portlocki, C. proclivis, C. skolia, C. subquadrata, C. sulcata, C. tenuicincta, C. trentonensis

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. dubia, C. oblonga

Entered

by J. Sepkoski on 2003-01-23; modified by P. Wagner on 2018-11-09

Synonyms

Christianella is a genus. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Christiania by Williams et al. (2000).

It was assigned to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1892	Christiania Hall and Clarke
1977	Christiania Mitchell
2000	Christiania Popov et al.
2000	Christiania Williams et al. p. 256
2002	Christianella Sepkoski
2002	Christiania Sepkoski
2005	Christiania Cocks p. 267
2005	Christiania Zhan and Jin
2010	Christiania Cocks

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Strophomenata	Williams et al 1996
order	Strophomenida	Opik 1934
superfamily	Plectambonitoidea	Jones 1928
family	Christianiidae	Williams 1953
genus	Christiania	Hall and Clarke 1892

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Christiania Hall and Clarke 1892

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†Christiania aseptata Rasmussen et al. 2012

†Christiania bilobata Reed 1917

†Christiania dalarnensis Cocks 2005

†Christiania egregia Popov 1985

†Christiania elongata Spjeldnaes 1957

†Christiania hastata Rukavishnikova 1956

†Christiania hollii Davidson 1871

†Christiania holtedahli Spjeldnaes 1957

†Christiania huanghuaensis Zeng 1983

†Christiania magna Sheehan 1987

†Christiania nilssoni Sheehan 1973

†Christiania perrugata Reed 1945

†Christiania perrugata elongata Mitchell 1977

†Christiania portlocki Mitchell 1977

†Christiania proclivis Popov and Cocks 2006

†Christiania skolia Percival 1991

†Christiania subquadrata Hall 1883

†Christiania sulcata Williams 1962

†Christiania tenuicincta McCoy 1846

†Christiania trentonensis Ruedemann 1909

Invalid names: Christianella [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitep

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

1.0 to < 10g

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10g

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

noneg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationaryg

Attached:

yesp

Life habit:

epifaunalg

Diet:

suspension feederg

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

LIFE HISTORY: Unattached, suspension-feeder (McKerrow, 1979). BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al. (2000).g

Created:

2009-04-13 10:33:53

Modified:

2018-11-11 09:57:07

Source: g = genus, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Abereiddian to the top of the Rhuddanian or 468.00000 to 440.50000 Ma

Collections (195 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Chazyan	471.3 - 457.3	USA (Alabama)	C. subquadrata (162364)
Chazyan	471.3 - 457.3	USA (Tennessee)	C. sp. (308) C. subquadrata (186138)
Darriwilian	469.4 - 458.2	Canada (Newfoundland)	C. sp. (185948)
Darriwilian	469.4 - 458.2	Iran	C. sp. (186094)
Darriwilian	469.4 - 458.2	Russian Federation (Siberia)	C. subquadrata (205561)
Kunda	469.1 - 464.3	Russian Federation	C. oblonga (191602)
Kunda	469.1 - 464.3	Norway (Eiker-Sandsvær)	C. oblonga (194815)
Kunda - Kukruse	469.1 - 456.8	Norway (Oslo-Asker)	C. elongata (194738)
Abereiddian	468.0 - 461.1	Kazakhstan	C. hastata (165482 165486 165487 165488 165556 165566 165591 165593 165595 165596 165597 165617)
Abereiddian	468.0 - 461.1	United Kingdom (Scotland)	C. sulcata (164926)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Rawtheyan - Pusgillian	448.8 - 449.2	USA (Alaska)	C. aseptata (164855)
Rawtheyan	448.8 - 445.2	United Kingdom (Wales)	C. nilssoni (185116 185125) C. sp. (3675 8327 81274 192503)
Rawtheyan	448.8 - 445.2	Belgium	C. magna (185304 185307 185308 185309 185315 185316)
Rawtheyan	448.8 - 445.2	United Kingdom (England)	C. sp. (3666 3667 3668 3670 3671)
Rawtheyan	448.8 - 445.2	USA (Alaska)	C. aseptata (164854)
Rawtheyan	448.8 - 445.2	Norway	C. sp. (163404)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian	448.8 - 443.1	Norway (Oslo-Asker Dist.)	C. sp. (365)
Hirnantian	445.2 - 443.1	United Kingdom (England)	C. sp. (3678)
Porkuni	445.2 - 443.1	Norway (Oslo)	C. sp. (159374)
Rhuddanian	443.1 - 440.5	Kazakhstan (South Central)	C. sp. (151931)