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Spiriferella
Taxonomy
Spiriferina (Spiriferella) was named by Tschernyschew (1902) [Sepkoski's age data: C Vise-l P Dora Sepkoski's reference number: 417,1066,1142].
It was Spirifer (Spiriferella) by Reed (1944); it was reranked as Spiriferella by Sepkoski (2002), Shen et al. (2003), Waterhouse (2004), Williams et al. (2006).
It was assigned to Spiriferina by Tschernyschew (1902); to Spirifer by Reed (1944); to Spiriferida by Sepkoski (2002); to Spiriferellinae by Waterhouse (2004); and to Spiriferellidae by Shen et al. (2003), Williams et al. (2006).
It was Spirifer (Spiriferella) by Reed (1944); it was reranked as Spiriferella by Sepkoski (2002), Shen et al. (2003), Waterhouse (2004), Williams et al. (2006).
It was assigned to Spiriferina by Tschernyschew (1902); to Spirifer by Reed (1944); to Spiriferida by Sepkoski (2002); to Spiriferellinae by Waterhouse (2004); and to Spiriferellidae by Shen et al. (2003), Williams et al. (2006).
Subtaxa
Spirifer (Spiriferella) vercherei, S. antefurcata, S. arctica, S. bituchensis, S. borealica, S. burgaliensis, S. calcarata, S. clypeata, S. consimilis, S. embrithes, S. gloverae, S. gravis, S. grunti, S. hinganensis, S. hoskingae, S. interplicata, S. jilongensis, S. keilhavii (syn. Spirifer draschei, Spirifer wilczecki), S. keilhaviiformis, S. lata, S. legrandblaini, S. levis, S. loveni (syn. Spirifer parryanus), S. magna, S. modesta, S. mugunica, S. nepalensis, S. orientensis, S. ovata, S. persaranae, S. personata, S. posterosulcata, S. primaeva, S. propria, S. pseudodraschei (syn. S. parva), S. pseudotibetana (syn. S. nalivkini), S. rajah, S. salteri, S. saranae (syn. S. kolymaensis), S. scobina, S. scobinoidea, S. scopulosus, S. simplex, S. sinica, S. subsalteri, S. sulcifer, S. supplanta, S. tetralobata, S. turusica, S. unicostata, S. vaskovskii, S. vojnowskii, S. wangi, S. wimanni, S. yukonensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1902 | Spiriferina (Spiriferella) Tschernyschew |
| 1944 | Spirifer (Spiriferella) Reed p. 209 |
| 1996 | Tintoriella Angiolini |
| 2002 | Spiriferella Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Spiriferella Shen et al. p. 81 |
| 2004 | Spiriferella Waterhouse |
| 2006 | Spiriferella Williams et al. p. 1805 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Spiriferella Tschernyschew 1902
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†Spirifer (Spiriferella) vercherei Waagen 1883
†Spiriferella antefurcata Liu and Waterhouse 1985
†Spiriferella arctica Haughton 1858
†Spiriferella bituchensis Abramov 1974
†Spiriferella borealica Kalashnikov 1998
†Spiriferella burgaliensis Zavodowsky 1968
†Spiriferella calcarata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferella clypeata Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferella consimilis Abramov and Grigorieva 1988
†Spiriferella embrithes Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferella gloverae Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferella gravis Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferella grunti Waterhouse 2004
†Spiriferella hinganensis Lee and Su 1980
†Spiriferella hoskingae Archbold and Thomas 1985
†Spiriferella interplicata Rothpletz 1892
†Spiriferella jilongensis Zhang 1976
†Spiriferella keilhavii von Buch 1847
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Invalid names: Spirifer draschei Toula 1875 [synonym], Spirifer wilczecki Toula 1873 [synonym]
†Spiriferella keilhaviiformis Fredericks 1916
†Spiriferella lata Lee and Su 1980
†Spiriferella legrandblaini Waterhouse 2004
†Spiriferella levis Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferella magna Fredericks 1916
†Spiriferella modesta Waterhouse 1981
†Spiriferella mugunica Pavlova 1991
†Spiriferella nepalensis Legrand-Blain 1976
†Spiriferella orientensis Archbold and Bird 1989
†Spiriferella ovata Lee and Gu 1976
†Spiriferella persaranae Grabau 1931
†Spiriferella personata Reed 1932
†Spiriferella posterosulcata Viaretti et al. 2022
†Spiriferella primaeva Waterhouse and Waddington 1982
†Spiriferella propria Cooper and Grant 1976
†Spiriferella pseudotibetana Stepanov 1937
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Invalid names: Spiriferella nalivkini Kulikov 1939 [synonym]
†Spiriferella rajah Salter 1865
†Spiriferella salteri Tschernyschew 1902
†Spiriferella saranae de Verneuil 1845
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Invalid names: Spiriferella kolymaensis Zavodowsky 1970 [synonym]
†Spiriferella scobina Meek 1860
†Spiriferella scobinoidea Cooper 1953
†Spiriferella scopulosus Reed 1944
†Spiriferella simplex Grabau 1931
†Spiriferella sinica Zhang 1976
†Spiriferella subsalteri Shen et al. 2003
†Spiriferella sulcifer Shumard 1858
†Spiriferella supplanta Waterhouse 1964
†Spiriferella tetralobata Lee and Gu 1976
†Spiriferella turusica Chernyak 1963
†Spiriferella unicostata Zhang 1976
†Spiriferella vaskovskii Zavodowsky 1968
†Spiriferella vojnowskii Ifanova 1972
†Spiriferella wangi Liu and Waterhouse 1985
†Spiriferella wimanni Grabau 1931
†Spiriferella yukonensis Waterhouse and Waddington 1982
Invalid names: Tintoriella Angiolini 1996 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 113 | 15.3 | 2.00 | 47.6 | 16.6 | 9.40 | |
| valve height | 22 | 20.8 | 12.1 | 41.1 | 21.4 | 7.72 |
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013 | |||||
Age range: base of the Osagean to the top of the Changhsingian or 351.90000 to 251.90200 Ma
Collections (632 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Osagean | Canada (Northwest Territories) | S. sp., S. minnewankensis (62432) | |
| Meramecian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | S. minnewankensis (62434) | |
| Pennsylvanian | USA (Alaska) | Spirifer arcticus (111915) | |
| Moscovian | South Korea | S. sp. (128279 128281 128283) | |
| Moscovian | Canada (Yukon) | S. primaeva (122952 122953 122954 122955 122956) | |
| Kasimovian | Canada (Yukon) | S. sp. (10265) S. yukonensis (122959 122960 122967 122969) | |
| Late/Upper Pennsylvanian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | S. drashei (211877) S. saranae (211887) | |
| Gzhelian | USA (Alaska) | Spirifer arcticus (111913) | |
| Gzhelian | Canada (Yukon) | S. yukonensis (101733 122957 122958 122961 122962 122963 122964 122965 122966 122968) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Texas) | S. texanus (217891 217908 217913 217915 217927 217965 217969 217979 217986 217995 218000 218014 218054 219193) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Lopingian | India | Producta sp. (117545) Spirifer rajah (117559 230329 230330 230331 230338 230849 230853) | |
| Lopingian | Pakistan | Spirifer vercherei (236245) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | New Zealand (Southland) | S. sp. (41794) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Chongqing) | S. sp. (149259) | |
| Changhsingian | Pakistan | Spiriferina vercherei (124349) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Xizang) | S. rajah (73602 73603 73604 73605 73607 117541 121592 121595) S. rajah, S. nepalensis (51398 51401) S. rajah, S. sinica (73600 73601) S. rajah, S. sinica, S. salteri (110495) S. sinica (110475) | |
| Changhsingian | Nepal | S. grunti (207333) S. rajah (43166 43181 43185 43187 43189 43190 43191 43197 43198 43199 43222 43225 43226 43258 43261 43264 43267 43268 43269 43271 43273 43275 43278 120447 120449 120450 120508 120511 120513 120520 120521 120522) S. sp. (43242) S. tibetana (99791 120446) | |
| Changhsingian | New Zealand | S. sp. (7204 52753) | |
| Changhsingian | Greece | S. sp. (108325) | |
| Changhsingian | Pakistan (Northwest Frontier) | S. sp. (41557) | |