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Spiriferina
Taxonomy
Spiriferina was named by d'Orbigny (1847) [Sepkoski's age data: J Hett-u J Toar-u Sepkoski's reference number: 538]. It is not extant. Its type is Spirifer walcotti. It is the type genus of Spiriferinidae, Spiriferinacea, Spiriferininae.
It was reranked as Spirifer (Spiriferina) by Meek (1876).
It was assigned to Spirifer by Meek (1876); to Spiriferida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Spiriferininae by Williams et al. (2006), He and Chen (2016).
It was reranked as Spirifer (Spiriferina) by Meek (1876).
It was assigned to Spirifer by Meek (1876); to Spiriferida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Spiriferininae by Williams et al. (2006), He and Chen (2016).
Species
S. (Mentzelia), S. abichi (syn. Spirifer tibeticus, Spirifer altivagus, S. griesbachi), S. alia, S. arakiwa, S. betacalcis, S. bihatiensis, S. bittneri, S. borealis, S. carolinae, S. cassiana, S. coreyi, S. elegantissima, S. expansa, S. fortis, S. homfrayi, S. kiparisovae, S. klipsteini, S. laminosa, S. loczyi, S. megarhyncha, S. moeschi, S. moscai, S. munsterii, S. nicklesi, S. octoplicata, S. osmana, S. panderi, S. papillosa, S. rostrata, S. roundyi, S. rupicola, S. salomonensis, S. slovenica, S. solitaria, S. sophiaealbae, S. subfragilis, S. subgriesbachi, S. sublilangensis, S. subtrigonalis, S. terebratuloides, S. terzadica, S. timorensis, S. tornata, S. toulai, S. triplicata, S. turcica, S. walcotti, S. yukonensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
S. alata, S. ampla, S. ascendens, S. betcalcis, S. billingsi, S. bilotensis, S. chilensis, S. cristata, S. cristata, S. haueri, S. hirsuta, S. holtzapfeli, S. kentuckensis, S. koeveskalliensis, S. koeveskalliensis, S. madagascariensis, S. mentzeli, S. mentzelii, S. mojsisovicsiana, S. muensteri, S. muensteri, S. munsteri, S. munsteri, S. oppeli, S. oxyptera, S. panderi, S. parvula, S. pia, S. pinguis, S. pinquis, S. rostrata, S. salemensis, S. solidirostrus, S. subelliptica, S. sublilangense, S. subtexta, S. trigonella, S. walcoti
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1847 | Spiriferina d'Orbigny |
| 1876 | Spirifer (Spiriferina) Meek p. 351 |
| 2002 | Spiriferina Sepkoski |
| 2006 | Spiriferina Williams et al. p. 1930 |
| 2016 | Spiriferina He and Chen p. 975 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Spiriferina d'Orbigny 1847
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Subg. †Spiriferina (Mentzelia) Quenstedt 1871
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†Spiriferina (Mentzelia) bittneri Salomon 1895
†Spiriferina (Mentzelia) fraasi Bittner 1890
†Spiriferina (Mentzelia) mentzeli De Toni 1912
†Spiriferina (Mentzelia) microglossa Bittner 1902
†Spiriferina (Mentzelia) spitiensis Stoliczka 1865
†Spiriferina abichi Oppel 1865
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Invalid names: Spirifer altivagus Stoliczka 1866 [synonym], Spirifer tibeticus Stoliczka 1866 [synonym], Spiriferina griesbachi Bittner 1899 [synonym]
†Spiriferina alia Hall and Whitfield 1877
†Spiriferina arakiwa MacFarlan 2023
†Spiriferina betacalcis Quenstedt 1858
†Spiriferina bihatiensis Krumbeck 1924
†Spiriferina bittneri Salomon 1895
†Spiriferina borealis Whiteaves 1889
†Spiriferina carolinae Trechmann 1917
†Spiriferina cassiana Laube 1865
†Spiriferina coreyi Smith 1927
†Spiriferina elegantissima Gemmellaro 1899
†Spiriferina expansa Stoppani 1884
†Spiriferina fortis Bittner 1890
†Spiriferina homfrayi Gabb 1864
†Spiriferina kiparisovae Dagys 1965
†Spiriferina klipsteini Bittner 1890
†Spiriferina laminosa McCoy 1841
†Spiriferina loczyi Renz 1912
†Spiriferina megarhyncha Bittner 1902
†Spiriferina moeschi Haas 1891
†Spiriferina moscai Bittner 1892
†Spiriferina munsterii Davidson 1851
†Spiriferina nicklesi Corroy 1927
†Spiriferina octoplicata Sowerby 1827
†Spiriferina osmana Bittner 1902
†Spiriferina panderi Moeller 1862
†Spiriferina papillosa Gemmellaro 1899
†Spiriferina rostrata Zieten 1830
†Spiriferina rostrata epirotica Renz 1932
†Spiriferina roundyi Girty 1927
†Spiriferina rupicola Gemmellaro 1899
†Spiriferina salomonensis Gemmellaro 1899
†Spiriferina slovenica Siblik 1965
†Spiriferina solitaria Bittner 1902
†Spiriferina sophiaealbae MacFarlan 2023
†Spiriferina subfragilis Loczy 1899
†Spiriferina subgriesbachi Krumbeck 1924
†Spiriferina sublilangensis Krumbeck 1924
†Spiriferina subtrigonalis Gemmellaro 1899
†Spiriferina terebratuloides Seguenza 1883
†Spiriferina terzadica Bittner 1890
†Spiriferina timorensis Krumbeck 1924
†Spiriferina tornata Gemmellaro 1899
†Spiriferina toulai Gemmellaro 1899
†Spiriferina triplicata Mansuy 1913
†Spiriferina turcica Bittner 1902
†Spiriferina walcotti Sowerby 1822
†Spiriferina yukonensis Smith 1927
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 38 | 10.9 | 6.00 | 26.6 | 11.0 | 4.52 |
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Ludlow to the top of the Early/Lower Toarcian or 426.70000 to 182.90000 Ma
Collections (343 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ludlow | China (Xinjiang) | S. sp. (27769) | |
| Kinderhookian | USA (Montana) | S. sp. (7311 7314) | |
| Tournaisian | USA (Iowa) | S. solidirostrus (3314) S. subtexta, S. sp. (3309 3339) | |
| Kinderhookian - Osagean | USA (Nevada) | S. sp. (5752) | |
| Kinderhookian - Osagean | USA (Utah) | S. sp. (5754) | |
| Mississippian | USA (Alaska) | S. panderi (112176) S. sp. (112164 112174 112175 112178) | |
| Mississippian | USA (Arizona) | S. salemensis (13253) S. sp. (124290) | |
| Carboniferous | USA (Utah) | S. sp. (543) | |
| Osagean | USA (Kentucky) | S. subelliptica, S. sp. (59889) | |
| Meramecian | USA (Kentucky) | S. sp. (2713) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Late/Upper Pliensbachian - Early/Lower Toarcian | Argentina (Chubut) | S. sp. (204711) | |
| Late/Upper Pliensbachian - Aalenian | New Zealand | S. muensteri (38933) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | Somalia | S. madagascariensis (179136) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | Spain | S. muensteri (171313) S. rostrata, S. nicklesi, S. terebratuloides (160463) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) | S. sp. (204118) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | New Zealand | S. arakiwa (134146) | |
| Toarcian | Chile (Coquimbo) | S. chilensis (222000) | |
| Toarcian | France | S. sp. (51608) | |
| Toarcian | Greece | S. rostrata (159170) | |
| Toarcian | New Zealand | S. arakiwa (135122) S. sophiaealbae (133944 133977 134214 230146 230147) | |