PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Monograptidae

Pterobranchia - Graptoloidea - Monograptidae

Taxonomy

Monograptidae was named by Lapworth (1873). Its type is Monograptus. It was considered monophyletic by Melchin et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Monograptina by Bulman (1970); to Diplograptacea by Mitchell (1987) and Toro (1995); and to Monograptoidea by Melchin et al. (2011) and Maletz (2014).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1873	Monograptidae Lapworth
1970	Monograptidae Bulman p. V132
1987	Monograptidae Mitchell p. 390
1995	Monograptidae Toro p. 377
2011	Monograptidae Melchin et al.
2014	Monograptidae Maletz p. 481

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Hemichordata	Bateson 1885
class	Pterobranchia	Lankester 1877

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Graptolithina	(Bronn 1849)
order	Graptoloidea	Lapworth 1875
suborder	Axonophora	Frech 1897
infraorder	Neograptina	Storch et al. 2011
superfamily	Monograptoidea	Lapworth 1873
family	Monograptidae	Lapworth 1873
family	Monograptidae	Lapworth 1873

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Monograptidae Lapworth 1873

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G. †Atavograptus

†Atavograptus atavus Jones 1909

G. †Campograptus Obut 1949

†Campograptus harpago Törnquist 1899

†Campograptus lobiferus M'Coy 1850

G. †Coronograptus

†Coronograptus cyphus Lapworth 1876

G. †Cucullograptus

Subg. †Cucullograptus (Cucullograptus) Bulman 1970

Subg. †Cucullograptus (Lobograptus)

G. †Demirastrites

G. †Diversograptus

Subfm. †Glyptograptinae Mitchell 1987

G. †Clinoclimacograptus

†Clinoclimacograptus retroversus Bulman and Rickards 1968

G. †Paraclimacograptus

†Paraclimacograptus innotatus Nicholson 1869

G. †Huttagraptus Bjerreskov and Koren' 1997

†Huttagraptus acinaces Törnquist 1899

G. †Lituigraptus Ni 1978

†Lituigraptus convolutus Hisinger 1837

†Lituigraptus richteri Perner 1897

G. †Monoclimacis

G. †Monograptus

Subg. †Monograptus (Pomatograptus) Pribly 1940

†Monograptus angustidens Pribyl 1940

†Monograptus bouceki Pribyl 1940

†Monograptus priodon Bronn 1835

†Monograptus transgrediens Pemer 1899

†Monograptus uniformis Pribyl 1940

†Monograptus yukonensis Lenz and Jackson 1963

Invalid names: Lagarograptus [synonym]

G. †Neomonograptus Mu and Ni 1973

G. †Oktavites Levina 1928

†Oktavites bodentoeriensis Loydell 2003

†Oktavites falx Suess 1851

†Oktavites spiralis Geinitz 1842

G. †Pernerograptus Přibyl 1941

†Pernerograptus argenteus Nicholson 1869

G. †Pribylograptus

Subfm. †Pristiograptinae Gürich 1908

G. †Pristiograptus

Invalid names: Bohemograptus Přibyl 1967 [synonym]

G. †Pseudostreptograptus Loydell 1991

G. †Rastrites

G. †Saetograptus

Invalid names: Colonograptus [synonym]

G. †Spirograptus Guerich 1908

G. †Stimulograptus Přibyl 1983

†Stimulograptus sedgwickii Portlock 1843

G. †Streptograptus

†Streptograptus antennularius Meneghini 1857

G. †Testograptus Přibyl 1967

†Testograptus testis Barrande 1859

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
C. E. Mitchell 1987	Rhabdosomes with narrow, asymmetrical proximal end and simple sicula; colonies may be biserial, uni-biserial, or fully uniserial. In biserial taxa the first two thecae are closely pressed to the sicula and lack mesial spines. Primitively, thecae are glyptograptid to climacograptid, but are modified to petalograptid, pseudoclimacograptid, or variously isolate, lobate, hooked, or triangular- particularly among the Monograptinae. Primordial astogeny is Pattern B, modified to Patterns H, I, or the monograptid pattern. Silurian representatives develop virgellar meshworks and ancorabased retiolitid colonies while others develop thecal and sicular cladia to re-establish multi-stiped, spreading colony forms.
M. J. Melchin et al. 2011	The first species within the clade that contains Monograptus priodon to develop a scandent, uniserial rhabdosome and all its descendants (Node 2, Figs. 2, 3).

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

"sclero-protein"c

Locomotion:

passively mobileo

Life habit:

planktonico

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2004-02-28 15:07:12

Modified:

2009-05-19 07:15:15

Source: o = order, c = class

References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Caradoc to the top of the Pragian or 458.40000 to 407.60000 Ma

Collections (573 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician	470.0 - 443.8	Russian Federation (Nenets)	Pristiograptus sharenbergi (46939)
Dobrotivian	459.0 - 457.9	Spain (Toledo and Cuidad Real)	Monograptus sp. (20893)
Caradoc	458.4 - 449.5	Canada (Yukon)	Monograptus yukonensis (25268 25269 25270 25271 25272)
Caradoc	458.4 - 449.5	USA (Nevada)	Climacograptus innotatus (13492)
Eastonian	452.7 - 449.5	USA (Idaho)	Climacograptus innotatus (145472 145473)
Ashgill	449.5 - 443.7	USA (Idaho)	Climacograptus innotatus (13493)
Hirnantian	445.2 - 443.4	Australia (Tasmania)	Atavograptus sp. (26240 167048)
Hirnantian - Rhuddanian	445.2 - 440.8	Russian Federation (Siberia)	Coronograptus angustus (206171)
Silurian	443.8 - 419.2	USA (California)	Monograptus dubius (196127) Monograptus dubius, Monograptus sp. (196130) Monograptus sp. (196116 196120 196133) Monograptus sp., Monograptus scanius (196136)
Silurian	443.8 - 419.2	USA (Alaska)	Monograptus clingani, Monograptus sp. (111721) Monograptus priodon (111727) Monograptus raitzhainesis (111724) Monograptus sp. (468 111726)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Australia (Tasmania)	Monograptus thomasi (145560)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Czech Republic	Monograptus aequabilis, Monograptus yokonensis, Monograptus atopus (12104)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Canada (Nunavut)	Monograptus sp. (11139) Monograptus yukonensis (11140)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	China (Yunnan)	Monograptus falcarius, Monograptus hercynicus (145557)
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	Myanmar	Monograptus atopus, Monograptus thomasi (38605)
Pragian - Emsian	410.8 - 393.3	Morocco	Monograptus hercynicus (27453)
Pragian - Emsian	410.8 - 393.3	Tajikistan	Monograptus notoaequabilis, Monograptus telleri, Monograptus turkparidaensis, Monograptus craigensis, Monograptus pacificus, Monograptus aivili, Monograptus thomasi, Monograptus yukonensis (45831)
Pragian - Middle Devonian	410.8 - 382.7	Czech Republic	Monograptus atopus, Monograptus yukonensis (10458)
Early/Lower Emsian	409.1 - 402.5	Uzbekistan	Monograptus criagensis, Monograptus pacificus, Monograptus aequabilis, Monograptus yukonensis (38673)
Early/Lower Emsian	409.1 - 402.5	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Monograptus yukonensis (3930)