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Sphaeronitida

Taxonomy
Sphaeronitida was named by Neumayr (1889). Its type is Sphaeronitidae.

It was assigned to Diploporita by Beaver et al. (1967); to Diploporita by Paul and Bockelie (1983), Bockelie (1984); and to Blastozoa by Sheffield and Sumrall (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1889Sphaeronitida Neumayr
1967Sphaeronitida Beaver et al. p. S240
1983Sphaeronitida Paul and Bockelie
1984Sphaeronitida Bockelie
2019Sphaeronitida Sheffield and Sumrall p. 746

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
RankNameAuthor
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
superfamilySphaeronitidaNeumayr 1889
superfamilySphaeronitidaNeumayr 1889

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Sphaeronitida Neumayr 1889
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Fm. †Aristocystitidae Bassler 1938
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Subfm. †Aristocystitinae Neumayr 1894
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G. †Aristocystites Barrande 1887
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†Aristocystites bohemicus Barrande 1887
†Aristocystites docens Barrande 1887
†Aristocystites metroi Parsley 1990
†Aristocystites tecta Barrande 1887
G. †Maghrebocystis Chauvel
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†Maghrebocystis pachytheca Chauvel 1966
Subfm. †Calicinae Chauvel 1966
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†Lepidocalix pulcher Termier and Termier 1950
G. †Phlyctocystis Chauvel 1966
G. †Campylostoma Dreyfuss 1939
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†Hippocystis subcylindricus Barrande 1887
G. †Prokopius Paul 2018
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†Prokopius sculptus Barrande 1887
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Invalid names: Prokopius batheri Chauvel 1941 [synonym]
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†Sinocystis loczyi Reed 1917
G. †Triamara Tillman 1967
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†Triamara ventricosa Miller 1879
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Invalid names: Triamara ampla Miller 1892 [synonym], Triamara cutleri Tillman 1967 [synonym], Triamara gyrina Miller and Gurley 1894 [synonym]
Fm. †Holocystitidae Miller 1889
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G. †Holocystites Hall 1864
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Subg. †Holocystites (Sepulticystis) Frest et al. 2011
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†Holocystites salmoensis Sheffield et al. 2018
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Invalid names: Holocystites jolietensis Miller 1882 [synonym]
†Holocystites subglobosus Miller 1889
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Invalid names: Holocystites globosus Miller 1878 [synonym]
Subfm. †Holocystitinae Miller 1889
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G. †Brightonicystis Paul 1971
G. †Paulicystis Frest et al. 2011
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†Paulicystis densus Frest et al. 2011
†Paulicystis sparsus Frest et al. 2011
Subfm. †Pentacystinae Frest and Strimple 2011
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G. †Osgoodicystis Frest et al. 2011
G. †Pentacystis Paul 1971
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†Pentacystis gibsoni Frest et al. 2011
†Pentacystis simplex Paul 1971
Subfm. †Trematocystinae Frest and Strimple 2011
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G. †Pustulocystis Paul 1971
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†Pustulocystis pentax Paul 1971
G. †Trematocystis Miller 1878
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†Trematocystis magniporatus Frest et al. 2011
†Trematocystis wrighti Jell 2010
Fm. †Sphaeronitidae Neumayr 1889
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G. †Archegocystis Jaekel 1899
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†Archegocystis desideratus Barrande 1887
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Invalid names: Pyrocystites patulus Barrande 1887 [synonym], Pyrocystites pirum Barrande 1887 [synonym]
Invalid names: Archegocystis desideratus Barrande 1887 [valid], Archegocystis granulata Paul 1973 [valid]
G. †Archegocystis Jaekel 1899
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†Archegocystis desideratus Barrande 1887
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Invalid names: Pyrocystites patulus Barrande 1887 [synonym], Pyrocystites pirum Barrande 1887 [synonym]
Invalid names: Archegocystis desideratus Barrande 1887 [valid], Archegocystis granulata Paul 1973 [valid]
G. †Barbieria
G. †Bulbocystis Ruzicka 1939
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†Bulbocystis mira Ruzicka 1939
G. †Calix Rouault 1851
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†Calix dorecki Sdzuy 1955
†Calix lebescontei Chauvel 1935
†Calix purkynei Kloucek 1917
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Invalid names: Calix rouaulti Chauvel 1936 [synonym]
†Calix purkynei buchoti Chauvel 1953
†Calix sedgwicki Rouault 1851
Invalid names: Dorycystites Kloucek 1917 [synonym]
G. †Diplosphaeronis Paul 1973
G. †Eucystis Angelin 1878
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†Eucystis acuminata Regnell 1945
†Eucystis angelini Regnell 1945
†Eucystis barrandena Haeckel 1896
†Eucystis branagani Brown 1963
†Eucystis chlupaci Prokop 1964
†Eucystis flava Barrande 1887
†Eucystis hercynica Jaekel 1899
†Eucystis hibernica Paul 1973
†Eucystis langoeyensis Bockelie 1984
†Eucystis pentax Paul 1973
†Eucystis quadrangularis Regnell 1945
†Eucystis raripunctata Angelin 1878
†Eucystis robusta Prokop 1964
Invalid names: Austrocystites Brown 1963 [synonym], Carpocystites [synonym], Palmacystis Haeckel 1896 [synonym], Proteocystites Barrande 1887 [synonym]
G. †Haplosphaeronis Jaekel 1926
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†Haplosphaeronis kiaeri Jaekel 1926
†Haplosphaeronis oblonga Angelin 1899
†Haplosphaeronis proiciens Regnell 1951
G. †Paleosphaeronites Prokop 1964
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†Paleosphaeronites grossularia Mergl and Prokop 2006
G. †Sphaeronites Hisinger 1828
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Subg. †Sphaeronites (Ataphros) Paul and Bockelie 1983
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†Sphaeronites (Ataphros) insuliporus Paul and Bockelie 1983
Subg. †Sphaeronites (Sphaeronites) Hisinger 1828
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†Sphaeronites (Sphaeronites) minor Paul and Bockelie 1983
†Sphaeronites crateriformis Růžička 1927
†Sphaeronites globulus Angelin 1896
†Sphaeronites leuchtenbergi Volborth 1846
†Sphaeronites pomum Volborth 1846
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Invalid names: Sphaeronites rossicum Hecker 1900 [replaced]
G. †Tetreucystis Bockelie 1984
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†Tetreucystis elongata Bockelie 1984
†Tetreucystis kalvoeyensis Bockelie 1984
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitep
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationarysubp
Life habit: epifaunalsubp
Diet: suspension feedersubp
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2009-09-21 12:36:39
Modified: 2009-09-21 14:36:39
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Bambach et al. 2007

Age range: base of the Tremadoc to the top of the Eifelian or 486.40000 to 387.95000 Ma

Collections (194 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tremadoc486.4 - 477.1Czechia Paleosphaeronites crateriformis (3782 192830 193688) Paleosphaeronites grossularia (3837)
Tremadoc486.4 - 477.1Morocco Aristocystites sp. (20998)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0China (XinJiang) Sphaeronites sp. (20806)
Middle Ordovician471.3 - 458.2Thailand Sinocystis loczyi (191371)
Sarka469.4 - 463.3Czechia (Plzeňský) Pyrocystites desideratus (95016)
Sarka469.4 - 463.3Czechia Archegocystis desiderata (3857)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2Morocco Calix segaudi, Phlyctocystis regularis (156996)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2Algeria Lepidocalix pulcher (196943)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2Iran Archegocystis sp., Sinocystis loczyi (66865) Sinocystis sp., Tholocystis sp. (186095)
Kunda469.1 - 464.3Sweden (Dalarne) Sphaeronites pomum (162374 162380)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Wenlock - Silurian432.9 - 419.62USA (Wisconsin) Holocystites alternatus (13104)
Ludlow426.7 - 422.7Australia (New South Wales) Eucystis branagani (201154) Trematocystis wrighti (201149)
Pridoli - Lochkovian422.7 - 413.02USA (Oklahoma) Eucystis sp. (26826)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Czechia Bulbocystis mira (153840) Bulbocystis mirus (56662)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Czechia (Srbsko) Bulbocystis mirus (235198)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5Czechia Eucystis robusta (229101)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47Czechia (Prague Basin) Eucystis robusta (80182)
Zlichovian410.62 - 393.47Czechia Eucystis indet. (10467)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47Czechia Proteocystites flavus, Eucystis barrandena (172739)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Czechia (Praha) Eucystis sp. (49232)