| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Parastrophinella reversa
Taxonomy
Pentamerus reversus was named by Billings (1857) [Lectotype designated by Jin and Copper (1997).]. Its type specimen is GSC 2281c and is a 3D body fossil.
It was recombined as Camerella reversa by Billings (1866); it was recombined as Parastrophia reversa by Hall and Clarke (1894) and Wilson (1914); it was recombined as Parastrophinella reversus by Owen and Harper (1982), Temple (1987); it was recombined as Parastrophinella reversa by Schuchert and Cooper (1932), Bolton (1972), Jin and Copper (1997), Jin and Copper (2000).
It was recombined as Camerella reversa by Billings (1866); it was recombined as Parastrophia reversa by Hall and Clarke (1894) and Wilson (1914); it was recombined as Parastrophinella reversus by Owen and Harper (1982), Temple (1987); it was recombined as Parastrophinella reversa by Schuchert and Cooper (1932), Bolton (1972), Jin and Copper (1997), Jin and Copper (2000).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1857 | Pentamerus reversus Billings p. 295 |
| 1866 | Camerella reversa Billings p. 4 |
| 1894 | Parastrophia reversa Hall and Clarke figs. pl. 63 figs. 8-14 |
| 1914 | Parastrophia reversa Wilson p. 135 figs. pl. 4, figs. 35-39 |
| 1932 | Parastrophinella reversa Schuchert and Cooper figs. pl. 29, fig. 7 |
| 1972 | Parastrophinella reversa Bolton p. 30 figs. pl. 5, figs. 11, 16, 17 |
| 1982 | Parastrophinella reversus Owen and Harper |
| 1987 | Parastrophinella reversus Temple p. 92 |
| 1997 | Parastrophinella reversa Jin and Copper p. 376 figs. 3.1-3.7, 5.1-5.10, 5.16, 9.1-9.15 |
| 2000 | Parastrophinella reversa Jin and Copper pp. 26 - 27 figs. Pl. 1, figs. 1- 15; Pl. 2, figs. 1- 16; Pl. 3, figs. 1-3, 19; Text-figs. 1 1, 12 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Parastrophinella reversa Billings 1857
show all | hide all
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. Jin and P. Copper 2000 | Shells relatively small, transversely subelliptical, dorsi biconvex, average length 17.4 mm, width 21.7 mm, and thickness 13.2 mm, and maximum length 23.6 mm, width 29.8 mm, and thickness 20.7 mm (Text-fig. II). Hingeline weakly curved, occupying about 1/3 of maximum shell length, with round cardinal extremities. Anterior commissure denticulate, broadly uniplicate.
Ventral umbo low, weakly to moderately convex, with small, suberect beak rising about I mm above hingeline; interarea low, apsacline at 30-40° from commissural plane, attaining width of 7-8 mm and height of I mm in adult shells; delthyrium, small, devoid of deltidial covering; sulcus beginning immediately anterior of umbo, widening rapidly and deepening anteriorly, bearing two to five rounded costae. Dorsal umbo higher and more strongly convex than ventral umbo, with beak arched over commissural plane and into delthyrial cavity; fold generally low, defined on each side by prominent costa, and bearing total of 3-6 rounded costae. Umbonal portions of both valves commonly smooth, rarely marked b y weak costae; anterior 2/3 -3/5 of shell bearing rounded, simple costae, with three to six on each flank. Growth lines well-developed, relatively coarse, about 3 or4 per 2 mm. Spondylium relatively long and deep, median septum low, buried in secondary thickening posteriorly to make spondylium appear apparently sessile, becoming slightly higher and clearly elevated above valve floor anteriorly, extending for about 1/3-2/5 of shell length (Text-fig. 12); teeth week. Outer plates weakly converging along most of their height, thickened at dorsal ends and bending medially to form cruralium along entire length; dorsal median (septal) plate mostly buried in prismatic shell material, becoming elevated above valve floor anteriorly; lamellar layer of septal plate not connected to that of outer plates, and protruding through thickened dorsal ends of outer plates; inner plates small, strongly divergent from each other; alate plates wide ribbon-like, extending anteriorly into blade-like brachial processes. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy 2009, Nesnidal et al. 2013 | |||||
Age range: base of the Richmondian to the top of the Rhuddanian or 449.60000 to 440.50000 Ma
Collections (13 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Richmondian | Canada (Québec) | Parastrophinella reversa (163498 163771) | |
| Richmondian | Canada (Quebec) | Parastrophinella reversa (158504 158581 163699 163702) | |
| Hirnantian | Canada (Québec) | Parastrophinella reversa (184847) | |
| Hirnantian | Canada (Quebec) | Parastrophinella reversa (158772 163767) | |
| Hirnantian - Rhuddanian | Canada (Québec) | Parastrophinella reversa (24387) | |
| Rhuddanian | Canada (Québec) | Parastrophinella reversa (24349 24372) | |
| Alexandrian | Canada (Québec) | Parastrophinella reversa (24447) |