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Petalolithinae

Pterobranchia - Graptoloidea - Retiolitidae

Taxonomy
Petalolithinae was named by Bulman (1955). It was considered monophyletic by Melchin et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Retiolitidae by Melchin et al. (2011).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1955Petalolithinae Bulman
2011Petalolithinae Melchin et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumHemichordataBateson 1885
classPterobranchiaLankester 1877
subclassGraptolithina(Bronn 1849)
RankNameAuthor
orderGraptoloideaLapworth 1875
suborderAxonophoraFrech 1897
infraorderNeograptinaStorch et al. 2011
superfamilyRetiolitoideaLapworth 1873
familyRetiolitidaeLapworth 1873
subfamilyPetalolithinaeBulman 1955
subfamilyPetalolithinaeBulman 1955

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Petalolithinae Bulman 1955
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G. †Comograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1968
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†Comograptus comatus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1968
G. †Glyptograptus Lapworth 1873
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Subg. †Glyptograptus (Pseudoglyptograptus) Bulman and Rickards 1968
†Glyptograptus elegans Packham 1962
†Glyptograptus incertus Elles and Wood 1906
†Glyptograptus tamariscus Nicholson 1868
†Glyptograptus trubinensis Рerner 1895
G. †Paramplexograptus Melchin et al. 2011
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†Paraclimacograptus kiliani kuramaensis Koren' and Melchin 2000
†Paramplexograptus kiliani Legrande 1976
†Paramplexograptus madernii Koren' and Mikhaylova 1980
G. †Parapetalolithus Koren' and Rickards 1996
G. †Petalolithus Suess 1851
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†Petalolithus ankyratus Mu and Li 1974
†Petalolithus folium Hisinger 1837
†Petalolithus intermedius Boucek and Príbyl 1941
Invalid names: Petalograptus [synonym]
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†Sudburigraptus cortoghianensis Storch and Serpagli 1993
†Sudburigraptus eberleini Churkin and Carter 1970
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
M. J. Melchin et al. 2011The most recent common ancestor of Metabolograptus ojsuensis and Retiolites geinitzianus and all of its descendants (Node 3, Figs 2, 3).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: "sclero-protein"c
Locomotion: passively mobileo
Life habit: planktonico
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 15:07:12
Modified: 2009-05-19 07:15:15
Source: o = order, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Rangerian to the top of the Telychian or 471.30000 to 432.90000 Ma

Collections (278 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ordovician486.85 - 443.1USA (Idaho) Glyptograptus sp. (339)
Dawan478.8 - 466.6China (Hubei) Glyptograptus sp. (7727)
Dawan478.8 - 466.6China (Sichuan) Glyptograptus sp. (7659)
Ningkuo478.8 - 466.6China (JiangXi) Glyptograptus sp. (7756 7757 7763)
Ningkuo478.8 - 466.6China (ZheJiang) Glyptograptus sp. (7772 7783 7798 7800 7801 7806 7814)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0China (Guizhou) Glyptograptus sp. (4755 4757 5251 5267 7639 7640)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0China (GuangDong) Glyptograptus sp. (4674 4678)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0China (ShanXi) Glyptograptus sp. (7886)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0China (Hubei) Glyptograptus sp. (4709 4715)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Norway Glyptograptus sp. (3181 3182)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Aeronian - Telychian440.5 - 432.9Morocco Petalograptus palmeus (27457 27460)
Aeronian - Telychian440.5 - 432.9Algeria Petalograptus palmeus (27205)
Aeronian - Telychian440.5 - 432.9Serbia Petalolithus elongatus, Petalolithus giganteus, Petalolithus palmeus, Petalolithus conicus, Petalolithus ovatus, Glyptograptus incertus (145656)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9Denmark (Bornholm) Glyptograptus auritus, Petalograptus palmeus, Petalograptus ovatus, Petalograptus altissimus (13711) Glyptograptus nebula (13713) Petalograptus tenuis (13712)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Hubei) Petalolithus minor, Petalolithus elongatus (27841)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China Petalolithus sp. (27773)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9France Petalograptus sp. (26111)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9Morocco Petalograptus altissimus (27440)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Sichuan) Glyptograptus spp., Petalolithus spp. (27798) Glyptograptus ultimus (27799) Petalolithus minor (27842)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9Serbia Petalolithus altissimus, Petalolithus elongatus, Petalolithus giganteus, Petalolithus palmeus (145657)