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Hybocrinida

Crinoidea - Hybocrinida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1918Hybocrinida Jaekel
1948Hybocrinida Regnell
1981Hybocrinida Parsley p. 2
1998Hybocrinida Ausich p. 27
2002Hybocrinida Sepkoski
2017Hybocrinida Wright et al.
2018Hybocrinida Ausich et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
RankNameAuthor
classCrinoideaMiller 1821
subclassPentacrinoideaJaekel 1918
infraclassInadunata(Wachsmuth and Springer 1897)
—Cladida(Moore and Laudon 1943)
superorderPorocrinoidea
orderHybocrinidaJaekel 1918
orderHybocrinidaJaekel 1918

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Hybocrinida Jaekel 1918
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Fm. †Baerocrinidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Baerocrinus Volborth 1865
Fm. †Cornucrinidae Regnell 1948
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G. †Cornucrinus Regnell 1948
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†Cornucrinus longicornis Regnell 1948
†Cornucrinus mirus Regnell 1948
G. †Tripatocrinus Sprinkle 1973
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†Tripatocrinus pustulatus Sprinkle 1973
Subor. †Cyathocrinoidea Bather 1899
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Invalid names: Carabocrinidae Bather 1899 [empty]
Fm. †Hybocrinidae Zittel 1879
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G. †Hoplocrinus Grewingk 1867
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†Hoplocrinus dalearlicus Regnell 1948
G. †Hybocrinus Billings 1857
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†Hybocrinus conicus Billings 1857
†Hybocrinus nitidus Sinclair 1945
†Hybocrinus pristinus Billings 1858
†Hybocrinus tumidus Billings 1857
G. †Parahybocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
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†Parahybocrinus siewersi Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
G. †Revalocrinus Jaekel 1918
G. †Syndiasmocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
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†Syndiasmocrinus apokalypto Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
Fm. †Hybocystitidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Hybocystites Wetherby 1880
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†Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby 1880
Invalid names: Hybocystis Bather 1890 [nomen vanum]
Invalid names: Hybocrinina Ubaghs 1971 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
D. F. Wright et al. 2017The Hybocrinida is stem-defined as the most inclusive clade containing Hybocrinus conicus Billings, 1857 and Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby, 1880 but not Porocrinus conicus Billings, 1857 and Carabocrinus radiatus Billings, 1857.

In addition to having a pseudomonocyclic calyx (infrabasals absent), hybocrinids are characterized by a number of unusual apomorphies that distinguish them from Porocrinids (and all other crinoids). Many of these traits are similar to those typically present in blastozoan echinoderms, including reduction in the number of arms, modification of food-gathering appendages to be recumbent (sometimes extending downward
over calyx plates), and reduction in the number of calyx plates (Sprinkle and Moore, 1978).

[Wright et al., 2017]
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yessubc
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-02-28 16:36:32
Modified: 2004-02-28 18:36:32
Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Tulean to the top of the Hirnantian or 481.70000 to 443.10000 Ma

Collections (63 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ibexian488.9 - 471.3USA (Nevada) Tripatocrinus pustulatus (104312)
Early/Lower Ordovician486.85 - 471.3USA (Nevada) Syndiasmocrinus sp., Syndiasmocrinus apokalypto (231317)
Tulean481.7 - 475.3USA (Utah) Parahybocrinus siewersi (231318)
Middle Ordovician471.3 - 458.2USA (Oklahoma) Hybocrinus crinerensis (201757)
Chazyan471.3 - 457.3Canada (Quebec) Hybocrinus pristinus (197279)
Whiterockian471.3 - 457.3USA (California) Tripatocrinus pustulatus (226695)
Whiterockian471.3 - 457.3USA (Nevada) Tripatocrinus pustulatus (90654 104420 104468)
Lasnamagi461.4 - 459.7Estonia Revalocrinus costatus (56205)
Costonian - Harnagian458.2 - 457.2Sweden Hoplocrinus sp. (2767)
Sandbian458.2 - 452.8Canada (Quebec) Hybocrinus pristinus (182449 182450 182451 182452)
Sandbian458.2 - 452.8Canada (Ontario) Hybocrinus pristinus (182453)
Idavere458.0 - 452.8Estonia (Ida-Viru) Hoplocrinus sp. (193514)
Turinian457.3 - 453.8Canada (Quebec) Hybocrinus tumidus (195625)
Turinian457.3 - 453.8USA (Kentucky) Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocystites problematicus (184657) Hybocystites problematicus (99655 100128 101377 101378)
Ashbyan457.3 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Hybocrinus punctatus (201763)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Oklahoma) Hybocrinus crinerensis (73277) Hybocrinus crinerensis, Hybocrinus sp., Hybocrinus conicus (24097) Hybocrinus pyxidatus, Hybocrinus nitidus (23990) Hybocrinus sp. (24101 24102 24103 24104)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Hybocrinus bilateralis (195670)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Hybocrinus conicus (23403 23404)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Hybocrinus conicus (23470 23471 23477 23481 23486)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Iowa, Illinois) Hybocrinus conicus (23469)
Trentonian457.3 - 449.6USA (Missouri) Hybocrinus conicus (13157)
Trentonian457.3 - 449.6Canada (Ontario) Hybocystites sp. (401)
Haljala - Oandu456.8 - 451.8Sweden Cornucrinus mirus (163396)
Haljala - Oandu456.8 - 451.8Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus mirus (161743 163395)
Keila453.9 - 452.8Estonia (Harju) Hoplocrinus sp. (193520)
Keila453.9 - 452.8Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus mirus (73412)
Keila - Oandu453.9 - 451.8Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus mirus (73855)
Keila - Oandu453.9 - 451.8Sweden Cornucrinus mirus (161776)
Chatfieldian453.8 - 451.0Canada (Ontario) Hybocystites sp. (26263)
Johvi452.8 - 449.9Estonia (Ida-Viru) Hoplocrinus sp. (193515 193522)
Johvi452.8 - 449.9Estonia (Harju) Hoplocrinus sp. (193519)
Katian452.8 - 445.2Canada (Ontario) Hybocrinus tumidus (192276) Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocrinus conicus (180117) Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocystites problematicus (192275 192278) Hybocystites sp. (228229)
Katian452.8 - 445.2Sweden (Dalarna) Cornucrinus mirus (124939)
Katian452.8 - 445.2USA (Iowa) Hybocrinus conicus (138446)
Pirgu - Hirnantian449.5 - 443.1Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus mirus (73408 73466)
Porkuni445.2 - 443.1Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus longicornis (163397)