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Hybocrinida
Taxonomy
Hybocrinida was named by Jaekel (1918).
It was assigned to Disparata by Regnell (1948); to Inadunata by Parsley (1981); to Disparida by Ausich (1998); to Crinoidea by Sepkoski (2002); and to Porocrinoidea by Wright et al. (2017) and Ausich et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Disparata by Regnell (1948); to Inadunata by Parsley (1981); to Disparida by Ausich (1998); to Crinoidea by Sepkoski (2002); and to Porocrinoidea by Wright et al. (2017) and Ausich et al. (2018).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1918 | Hybocrinida Jaekel |
| 1948 | Hybocrinida Regnell |
| 1981 | Hybocrinida Parsley p. 2 |
| 1998 | Hybocrinida Ausich p. 27 |
| 2002 | Hybocrinida Sepkoski |
| 2017 | Hybocrinida Wright et al. |
| 2018 | Hybocrinida Ausich et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Hybocrinida Jaekel 1918
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Fm. †Cornucrinidae Regnell 1948
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G. †Cornucrinus Regnell 1948
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†Cornucrinus longicornis Regnell 1948
†Cornucrinus mirus Regnell 1948
Fm. †Hybocrinidae Zittel 1879
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G. †Hybocrinus Billings 1857
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†Hybocrinus conicus Billings 1857
†Hybocrinus nitidus Sinclair 1945
†Hybocrinus pristinus Billings 1858
†Hybocrinus tumidus Billings 1857
G. †Parahybocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
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†Parahybocrinus siewersi Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
G. †Revalocrinus Jaekel 1918
G. †Syndiasmocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
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†Syndiasmocrinus apokalypto Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
Fm. †Hybocystitidae Jaekel 1918
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Invalid names: Hybocrinina Ubaghs 1971 [empty]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| D. F. Wright et al. 2017 | The Hybocrinida is stem-defined as the most inclusive clade containing Hybocrinus conicus Billings, 1857 and Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby, 1880 but not Porocrinus conicus Billings, 1857 and Carabocrinus radiatus Billings, 1857.
In addition to having a pseudomonocyclic calyx (infrabasals absent), hybocrinids are characterized by a number of unusual apomorphies that distinguish them from Porocrinids (and all other crinoids). Many of these traits are similar to those typically present in blastozoan echinoderms, including reduction in the number of arms, modification of food-gathering appendages to be recumbent (sometimes extending downward over calyx plates), and reduction in the number of calyx plates (Sprinkle and Moore, 1978). [Wright et al., 2017] |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan 1992, Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Collections (64 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibexian | USA (Nevada) | Tripatocrinus pustulatus (104312) | |
| Early/Lower Ordovician | USA (Nevada) | Syndiasmocrinus sp., Syndiasmocrinus apokalypto (231317) | |
| Tulean | USA (Utah) | Parahybocrinus siewersi (231318) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (Oklahoma) | Hybocrinus crinerensis (201757) | |
| Chazyan | Canada (Quebec) | Hybocrinus pristinus (197279) | |
| Whiterockian | USA (California) | Tripatocrinus pustulatus (226695) | |
| Whiterockian | USA (Nevada) | Tripatocrinus pustulatus (90654 104420 104468) | |
| Aseri | Estonia | Revalocrinus lobatus (56200) | |
| Lasnamagi | Estonia | Revalocrinus costatus (56205) | |
| Costonian - Harnagian | Sweden | Hoplocrinus sp. (2767) | |
| Sandbian | Canada (Quebec) | Hybocrinus pristinus (182449 182450 182451 182452) | |
| Sandbian | Canada (Ontario) | Hybocrinus pristinus (182453) | |
| Idavere | Estonia (Ida-Viru) | Hoplocrinus sp. (193514) | |
| Turinian | USA (Kentucky) | Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocystites problematicus (184657) Hybocystites problematicus (99655 100128 101377 101378) | |
| Turinian | Canada (Quebec) | Hybocrinus tumidus (195625) | |
| Ashbyan | USA (Tennessee) | Hybocrinus punctatus (201763) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Tennessee) | Hybocrinus bilateralis (195670) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Oklahoma) | Hybocrinus crinerensis (73277) Hybocrinus crinerensis, Hybocrinus sp., Hybocrinus conicus (24097) Hybocrinus pyxidatus, Hybocrinus nitidus (23990) Hybocrinus sp. (24101 24102 24103 24104) | |
| Shermanian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | Hybocrinus conicus (23470 23471 23477 23481 23486) | |
| Shermanian | USA (Iowa, Illinois) | Hybocrinus conicus (23469) | |
| Shermanian | USA (Minnesota) | Hybocrinus conicus (23403 23404) | |
| Trentonian | USA (Missouri) | Hybocrinus conicus (13157) | |
| Trentonian | Canada (Ontario) | Hybocystites sp. (401) | |
| Haljala - Oandu | Sweden (Dalarne) | Cornucrinus mirus (161743 163395) | |
| Haljala - Oandu | Sweden | Cornucrinus mirus (163396) | |
| Keila | Estonia (Harju) | Hoplocrinus sp. (193520) | |
| Keila | Sweden (Dalarne) | Cornucrinus mirus (73412) | |
| Keila - Oandu | Sweden (Dalarne) | Cornucrinus mirus (73855) | |
| Keila - Oandu | Sweden | Cornucrinus mirus (161776) | |
| Chatfieldian | Canada (Ontario) | Hybocystites sp. (26263) | |
| Johvi | Estonia (Harju) | Hoplocrinus sp. (193519) | |
| Johvi | Estonia (Ida-Viru) | Hoplocrinus sp. (193515 193522) | |
| Katian | Sweden (Dalarna) | Cornucrinus mirus (124939) | |
| Katian | USA (Iowa) | Hybocrinus conicus (138446) | |
| Katian | Canada (Ontario) | Hybocrinus tumidus (192276) Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocrinus conicus (180117) Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocystites problematicus (192275 192278) Hybocystites sp. (228229) | |
| Pirgu - Hirnantian | Sweden (Dalarne) | Cornucrinus mirus (73408 73466) | |
| Porkuni | Sweden (Dalarne) | Cornucrinus longicornis (163397) |