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Balognathidae
Taxonomy
Balognathidae was named by Hass (1959). It was considered monophyletic by Donoghue et al. (2008).
It was assigned to Prioniodontacea by Clark et al. (1981); to Balognathoidea by Stouge and Bagnoli (1999); to Prioniodontida by Dzik (1976), Donoghue et al. (2008); and to Prioniodontida by Sweet (1988), Mestre and Heredia (2020).
It was assigned to Prioniodontacea by Clark et al. (1981); to Balognathoidea by Stouge and Bagnoli (1999); to Prioniodontida by Dzik (1976), Donoghue et al. (2008); and to Prioniodontida by Sweet (1988), Mestre and Heredia (2020).
Subtaxa
Amorphognathus (syn. Balognathus), Baltoniodus, Birksfeldia, Bryantodus, Complexodus, Eoneoprioniodus, Euprioniodina, Icriodella, Lenodus, Lonchodina, Lonchodus, Multidentodus, Pranognathus, Prioniodus, Promissum, Pterospathodus, Reutterodus, Rhodesognathus, Stiptognathus, Subprioniodus, Synprioniodina, Tetraprioniodus, Trapezognathus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1926 | Prioniodidae Ulrich and Bassler |
| 1933 | Prioniodidae Gunnell p. 265 |
| 1959 | Balognathidae Hass |
| 1976 | Balognathidae Dzik |
| 1981 | Balognathidae Clark et al. p. W103 |
| 1981 | Prioniodontidae Clark et al. p. W103 |
| 1988 | Balognathidae Sweet p. 186 |
| 1999 | Prioniodontidae Stouge and Bagnoli p. 150 |
| 1999 | Balognathidae Stouge and Bagnoli p. 153 |
| 2002 | Prioniodontidae Pyle and Barnes p. 108 |
| 2008 | Balognathidae Donoghue et al. p. 138 |
| 2020 | Balognathidae Mestre and Heredia p. 746 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Balognathidae Hass 1959
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G. †Amorphognathus Branson and Mehl 1933
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†Amorphognathus complicatus Rhodes 1953
†Amorphognathus duftonus Rhodes 1955
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Invalid names: Goniodontus lindstroemi Serpagli 1967 [synonym]
†Amorphognathus ordovicicus Bergström and Bergström 1996
†Amorphognathus ordovicius Branson and Mehl 1933
†Amorphognathus superbus Rhodes 1953
†Amorphognathus ventilatus Ferretti and Barnes 1997
Invalid names: Balognathus Rhodes 1953 [synonym]
G. †Baltoniodus Lindstrom 1971
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†Baltoniodus medius Dzik 1976
†Baltoniodus variabilis Bergström 1962
G. †Complexodus Dzik 1976
G. †Pranognathus
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†Pranognathus siluricus Pollock et al. 1970
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Invalid names: Llandoverygnathus siluricus Cooper 1977 [synonym], Pterospathodus siluricus Uyeno 1981 [synonym]
G. †Prioniodus Pander 1856
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†Prioniodus alatus Hinde 1879
†Prioniodus altodus Harlton 1933
†Prioniodus cacti Gunnell 1933
†Prioniodus dactylodus Gunnell 1933
†Prioniodus galesburgensis Gunnell 1933
†Prioniodus hercynicus Eichenberg 1930
G. †Pterospathodus Walliser 1964
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†Pterospathodus amorphognathoides Walliser 1964
†Pterospathodus celloni Walliser 1964
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Invalid names: Pterospathodus adiutricis Walliser 1964 [synonym]
†Pterospathodus eopennatus Männik 1998
†Pterospathodus pennatus Walliser 1964
†Pterospathodus pennatus pennatus Walliser 1964
†Pterospathodus rhodesi Savage 1985
G. †Trapezognathus Lindström 1955
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†Trapezognathus diprion Lindström 1955
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Invalid names: Trapezognathus argentinensis Rao and Hunicken 1994 [synonym]
†Trapezognathus quadrangulum Lindström 1955
Invalid names: Prioniodontidae Ulrich and Bassler 1926 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class | |||||
| Reference: Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Collections (815 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Ordovician | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Prioniodus abbatus (186596) | |
| Ordovician | Germany | Prioniodus hercynicus (218872) | |
| Tremadoc | Kazakhstan | Prioniodus oepiki (116493) | |
| Hunneberg | Estonia (Harju) | Prioniodus elegans (203647) | |
| Hunneberg | Russian Federation (St. Petersburg) | Prioniodus elegans (191293 191294 191295 191296 191316 191317 191318) | |
| Hunneberg - Kunda | Russian Federation (Yaroslavl oblast) | Baltoniodus norrlandicus, Lenodus variabilis (235856) | |
| Dawan | China (JiangSu) | Baltoniodus sp. (7940) Baltoniodus sp., Prioniodus sp., Tetraprioniodus sp. (7923) Prioniodus sp. (7926 7934) Tetraprioniodus sp. (7927 7933) | |
| Floian | China (Hunan) | Prioniodus honghuayuanensis (226639) | |
| Floian | China (Anhui) | Baltoniodus triangularis (203686) Reutterodus andinus (203690 203692 203693) | |
| Floian | Russian Federation | Baltoniodus triangularis (61783 61784 61786 61787 61788 61791) Baltoniodus triangularis, Trapezognathus quadrangulum (61782 61785 61790 61792) Trapezognathus quadrangulum (61789) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Anisian - Ladinian | Greece | Lonchodina hungarica (222710) Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina venusta (222730) | |
| Middle Triassic | India | Lonchodina mulleri (153357) | |
| Anisian - Carnian | Greece | Lonchodina discreta, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina venusta (222728) Lonchodina latidentata, Lonchodina muuelleri, Lonchodina venusta (222718) | |
| Anisian - Carnian | Greece (Chios) | Lonchodina muelleri (222769) | |
| Anisian - Carnian | Greece (Hydra) | Lonchodina discreta, Lonchodina muelleri (222749) | |
| Anisian - Norian | Greece | Lonchodina posterognathus, Lonchodina hungarica (222704) | |
| Ladinian | Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia) | Lonchodina latidentata (44737) | |
| Ladinian | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Lonchodina mulleri (44738) | |
| Ladinian - Carnian | East Timor | Lonchodina latidentata, Lonchodina muelleri (213502) | |
| Carnian | Greece (Hydra) | Lonchodina latidentata, Lonchodina muelleri, Lonchodina venusta (222738) | |