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Girvanella problematica

Hormogoneae - Oscillatoriales - Girvanellaceae

Taxonomy
Girvanella problematica was named by Nicholson and Etheridge (1878) [Neotype designated by Wood (1957)]. It is not extant. Its type specimen is V. 34566. Its type locality is eastern end of Tormitchell Quarry, which is in an Abereiddian carbonate limestone in the Stinchar Formation of the United Kingdom. It is the type species of Girvanella.

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
G. ambigua, G. convoluta, G. duci, G. ducii, G. magna, G. sinensis, G. wetheredi

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1878Girvanella problematica Nicholson and Etheridge
1957Girvanella problematica Wood pp. 26 - 27 figs. Plates 5 and 6

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RankNameAuthor
—Life
—Prokaryota
—Bacteria
phylumCyanobacteriaStanier 1973
classHormogoneaeThuret 1875
RankNameAuthor
orderOscillatoriales
familyGirvanellaceaeLuchinina 1975
genusGirvanella
speciesproblematica

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Girvanella problematica Nicholson and Etheridge 1878
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
A. Wood 1957Tubes flexuous, not observed to taper, rarely branching, twisted together in loosely aggregated masses, less commonly closely packed. Average external diameter of tubes 21-22 µ., ranging from 18 to 25 (rarely 30) µ., average internal diameter of tubes 15- 16 µ., ranging from 13 to 20 (rarely 22) µ.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Environment: hypersaline, marine, brackish, freshwaterp
Locomotion: stationaryg
Attached: yesg
Epibiont: yesg
Life habit: epifaunalg
Diet: "photoautotroph"g
Created: 2009-07-20 07:33:17
Modified: 2009-07-20 09:33:17
Source: g = genus, p = phylum
References: Vachard and Aretz 2004, Church 1991

Age range: Atdabanian or 521.00000 to 121.40000 Ma

Collections (32 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Mongolia Girvanella problematica (63210)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Canada (Northwest Territories) Girvanella problematica (80961)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Russian Federation (Yakutia) Girvanella problematica (174246 232979)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0Australia (New South Wales) Girvanella problematica (80577)
Abereiddian468.0 - 461.1United Kingdom (Scotland) Girvanella problematica (type locality: 164929)
Darriwilian467.3 - 458.4Australia (Tasmania) Girvanella problematica (2679 167467)
Aurelucian458.4 - 456.6United Kingdom (Scotland) Girvanella problematica (171720)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.4 - 454.0Norway Girvanella problematica (3251)
Sandbian458.4 - 453.0China Girvanella problematica (226105)
Katian453.0 - 445.2China Girvanella problematica (226109)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4Canada (Québec) Girvanella problematica (24544)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0USA (Alaska) Girvanella problematica (79355 79357 79358)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0Ukraine Girvanella problematica (23475)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Germany Girvanella problematica (25364 25365 25367 144943)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Germany Girvanella problematica (25369)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Guangxi) Girvanella problematica (131968)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Guizhou) Girvanella problematica (131965)
Early/Lower Frasnian - Middle Frasnian383.7 - 379.5China (Guizhou) Girvanella problematica (131966)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2China (Guangxi) Girvanella problematica (131969 131972)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9China (Guizhou) Girvanella problematica (131967)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9China (Guangxi) Girvanella problematica (131970 131974)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Belgium (Liege) Girvanella problematica (75672)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46Egypt (Sinai) Girvanella problematica (193559)