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Phymosomatoida
Taxonomy
Phymosomina was named by Mortensen (1904).
It was corrected as Phymosomatoina by Nisiyama (1966); it was reranked as the order Phymosomatoida by Parma and Casadío (2005); it was reranked as the suborder Phymosomatoida by Fell and Pawson (1966), Linder et al. (1988), Smith (1991), Smith (1995), Sepkoski (2002), Manso and Andrade (2008) and Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was assigned to Echinacea by Fell and Pawson (1966); to Arbacioida by Nisiyama (1966); to Stirodonta by Smith (1991); to Acroechinoidea by Smith (1995); to Echinoidea by Linder et al. (1988), Sepkoski (2002), Parma and Casadío (2005) and Manso and Andrade (2008); and to Calycina by Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was corrected as Phymosomatoina by Nisiyama (1966); it was reranked as the order Phymosomatoida by Parma and Casadío (2005); it was reranked as the suborder Phymosomatoida by Fell and Pawson (1966), Linder et al. (1988), Smith (1991), Smith (1995), Sepkoski (2002), Manso and Andrade (2008) and Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was assigned to Echinacea by Fell and Pawson (1966); to Arbacioida by Nisiyama (1966); to Stirodonta by Smith (1991); to Acroechinoidea by Smith (1995); to Echinoidea by Linder et al. (1988), Sepkoski (2002), Parma and Casadío (2005) and Manso and Andrade (2008); and to Calycina by Kroh and Smith (2010).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1966 | Phymosomatoida Fell and Pawson p. U394 |
| 1966 | Phymosomatoina Nisiyama p. 190 |
| 1988 | Phymosomatoida Linder et al. p. 946 |
| 1991 | Phymosomatoida Smith p. 26 |
| 1995 | Phymosomatoida Smith p. 166 |
| 2002 | Phymosomatoida Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Phymosomatoida Parma and Casadío p. 1074 |
| 2008 | Phymosomatoida Manso and Andrade p. 320 |
| 2010 | Phymosomatoida Kroh and Smith p. 170 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. †Phymosomatoida Mortensen 1904
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G. †Cottaldia Desor 1856
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†Cottaldia benettiae Koenig 1825
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Invalid names: Cottaldia rotula Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cotteaudia [nomen vanum]
Fm. †Diplopodiidae Gregory 1900
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G. †Diplopodia
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Subg. †Diplopodia (Pseudodiadema) Desor 1858
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†Pseudodiadema emersoni Clark 1893
†Pseudodiadema rotulare Agassiz 1836
†Pseudodiadema seguini Lambert 1900
†Pseudodiadema silbinense Stefanini 1923
†Pseudodiadema texanum Roemer 1852
†Diplopodia streeruvitzi Cragin 1893
†Diplopodia taffi Gragin 1893
G. †Gauthiosoma
Fm. †Heterodiadematidae Smith and Wright 1993
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G. †Leioechinus
Fm. †Phymosomatidae Pomel 1883
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G. †Acanthechinus
G. †Actinophyma
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†Actinophyma spectabile Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
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Invalid names: Cyphosoma persicum Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym]
G. †Aeolopneustes
G. †Dixieus
G. †Gauthieria Lambert 1891
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†Gauthieria menuthiae Lambert and Thiery 1911
†Gauthieria mosae Geys 1980
†Gauthieria pseudoradiata Schluter 1883
†Gauthieria radiata Sorignet 1850
†Gauthieria radiata broecki Lambert 1897
†Gauthieria sanchezi Lambert 1921
†Gauthieria spatulifera Forbes 1850
†Gauthieria speciosa Clark 1801
G. Glyptocidaris Agassiz 1853
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Subg. †Glyptocidaris (Eoglyptocidaris) Nisiyama 1966
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†Glyptocidaris (Eoglyptocidaris) arctina Nisiyama 1966
Glyptocidaris crenularis Agassiz 1853
†Glyptocidaris crenularis stenozona Nisiyama 1966
G. †Glyptocyphus Pomel 1883
G. †Hemithylus
G. †Jacquiertia
G. †Lambertechinus
G. †Leptechinus
G. †Micropsis
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†Micropsis desori Leymerie and Cotteau 1856
†Micropsis lineatus Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Narindechinus
G. †Phymosoma Haime 1853
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†Phymosoma baylei Cotteay 1864
†Phymosoma binexilis White 1887
†Phymosoma corneti Cotteau 1874
†Phymosoma dixie Cooke 1941
†Phymosoma gehrdenense Schluter 1881
†Phymosoma gigantea Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Phymosoma hexoaporum Lambert 1927
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Invalid names: Phymosoma paronai Checchia-Rispoli 1933 [synonym]
†Phymosoma hilli Clark 1891
†Phymosoma maastrichtensis Engel 1972
†Phymosoma peloria Arnold and Clark 1927
†Phymosoma princeps von Hagenow 1840
Invalid names: Cyphosoma Agassiz 1838 [replaced]
G. †Pleurodiadema
G. †Plistophyma Peron and Gauthier 1881
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†Plistophyma asiaticum Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
†Plistophyma cubense Egozcue 1897
G. †Polyplacidia Poretskaya 1968
G. †Porosoma Cotteau 1856
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†Porosoma cribrum Agassiz 1840
†Porosoma fifei Wagner 1972
†Porosoma lamberti Checchia-Rispoli 1950
†Porosoma maeandrinum Schluter 1881
†Porosoma reesidei Cooke 1953
Invalid names: Coptosoma Desor 1855 [replaced], Microsoma Cotteau 1886 [synonym]
G. †Rachiosoma Pomel 1883
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†Rachiosoma corollare Leske 1778
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Invalid names: Cidarites granulosum Goldfuss 1826 [synonym], Echinites saxatilis Parkinson 1811 [synonym]
†Rachiosoma hondoensis Cooke 1953
†Rachiosoma mortoni de Loriol 1887
Invalid names: Pomelechinus Checchia-Rispoli 1946 [objective synonym]
G. †Thylechinus Pomel 1883
Invalid names: Phymosomatinae Pomel 1883 [empty]
G. †Trochotiara
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†Trochotiara kongieli Radwanska 1999
†Trochotiara pucaensis Fritzsche 1924
†Trochotiara suleiovense Radwanska 1999
†Trochotiara superbum Agassiz 1840
G. †Zeugopleurus
Invalid names: Polydiadematidae Hess 1972 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Sinemurian to the top of the Gelasian or 196.50000 to 1.80600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 189.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 189.6 Ma
Collections (317 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Sinemurian | United Kingdom (England) | Pseudodiadema sp. (140334) | |
| Early/Lower Bajocian | Luxembourg | Trochotiara depressa (38549) | |
| Early/Lower Bajocian | France | Pseudodiadema sp. (21269) | |
| Bajocian | Saudi Arabia | Leioechinus namus (48112 48136) | |
| Bajocian | USA (California) | Pseudodiadema emersoni (156330) | |
| Bajocian | Morocco | Diplopodia morieii (68165) | |
| Bajocian | France | Diplopodia sp. (34714) | |
| Bajocian - Bathonian | Morocco | Diplopodia morierii (204643) | |
| Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian | Saudi Arabia | Leioechinus namus (45303) | |
| Bathonian | Saudi Arabia | Leioechinus namus (45394 45464 48141 48300 48339 48340 48341 48373 48395 48402 48405) | |
| Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Pseudodiadema sp. (36553) | |
| Callovian | India | Pseudodiadema cutchensis (61467) | |
| Callovian | Saudi Arabia | Leioechinus amplus (47890) Leioechinus amplus, Leioechinus namus (48564) Leioechinus namus (45547) | |
| Late/Upper Callovian | India | Pseudodiadema cutchensis (68598 68601) | |
| Middle Callovian - Early/Lower Oxfordian | United Kingdom (Oxfordshire) | Trochotiara superbum (196235 196236) | |
| Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | Diplopodia sp. (2654) Diplopodia versipodia (1914) | |
| Oxfordian | France | Pseudodiadema sp. (8807) | |
| Late/Upper Jurassic | France | Pseudodiadema sp. (8609) | |
| Early/Lower Oxfordian | United Kingdom (Cambridgeshire) | Trochotiara superbum (93213) | |
| Early/Lower Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | Trochotiara superbum (93210) | |