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Phymosomatoida

Echinoidea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1966Phymosomatoida Fell and Pawson p. U394
1966Phymosomatoina Nisiyama p. 190
1988Phymosomatoida Linder et al. p. 946
1991Phymosomatoida Smith p. 26
1995Phymosomatoida Smith p. 166
2002Phymosomatoida Sepkoski
2005Phymosomatoida Parma and Casadío p. 1074
2008Phymosomatoida Manso and Andrade p. 320
2010Phymosomatoida Kroh and Smith p. 170

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
Echinozoa()
RankNameAuthor
classEchinoidea()
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
Carinacea
Calycina(Gregory 1900)
suborderPhymosomatoida()
suborderPhymosomatoida()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Phymosomatoida Mortensen 1904
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G. †Cottaldia Desor 1856
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Cottaldia benettiae Koenig 1825
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Invalid names: Cottaldia rotula Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cotteaudia [nomen vanum]
Fm. †Diplopodiidae Gregory 1900
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Subg. †Diplopodia (Pseudodiadema) Desor 1858
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Pseudodiadema emersoni Clark 1893
Pseudodiadema rotulare Agassiz 1836
Pseudodiadema seguini Lambert 1900
Pseudodiadema silbinense Stefanini 1923
Pseudodiadema texanum Roemer 1852
Diplopodia streeruvitzi Cragin 1893
Diplopodia taffi Gragin 1893
Fm. †Emiratiidae Ali 1990
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G. †Emiratia Ali 1990
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Fm. †Heterodiadematidae Smith and Wright 1993
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G. †Loriolidiadema Abdelhamid et al. 2016
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Loriolidiadema libanoticum de Loriol 1887
Fm. †Phymosomatidae Pomel 1883
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Actinophyma spectabile Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
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Invalid names: Cyphosoma persicum Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym]
G. †Cosmocyphus Pomel 1883
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Cosmocyphus krimicus Weber 1934
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Invalid names: Rachiosoma gigasei Geys 1983 [synonym]
Cosmocyphus saemanni Coquand 1860
G. †Dixieus
G. †Gauthieria Lambert 1891
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Gauthieria menuthiae Lambert and Thiery 1911
Gauthieria mosae Geys 1980
Gauthieria pseudoradiata Schluter 1883
Gauthieria radiata Sorignet 1850
Gauthieria sanchezi Lambert 1921
Gauthieria spatulifera Forbes 1850
Gauthieria speciosa Clark 1801
G. Glyptocidaris Agassiz 1853
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G. †Glyptocyphus Pomel 1883
G. †Micropsis
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Micropsis desori Leymerie and Cotteau 1856
Micropsis lineatus Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Phymosoma Haime 1853
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Phymosoma baylei Cotteay 1864
Phymosoma binexilis White 1887
Phymosoma corneti Cotteau 1874
Phymosoma dixie Cooke 1941
Phymosoma gehrdenense Schluter 1881
Phymosoma gigantea Sanchez-Roig 1953
Phymosoma hexoaporum Lambert 1927
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Invalid names: Phymosoma paronai Checchia-Rispoli 1933 [synonym]
Phymosoma hilli Clark 1891
Phymosoma peloria Arnold and Clark 1927
Phymosoma princeps von Hagenow 1840
Invalid names: Cyphosoma Agassiz 1838 [replaced]
G. †Plistophyma Peron and Gauthier 1881
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Plistophyma asiaticum Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
Plistophyma cubense Egozcue 1897
G. †Polyplacidia Poretskaya 1968
G. †Porosoma Cotteau 1856
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Porosoma cribrum Agassiz 1840
Porosoma fifei Wagner 1972
Porosoma lamberti Checchia-Rispoli 1950
Porosoma maeandrinum Schluter 1881
Porosoma reesidei Cooke 1953
Invalid names: Coptosoma Desor 1855 [replaced], Microsoma Cotteau 1886 [synonym]
G. †Rachiosoma Pomel 1883
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Rachiosoma corollare Leske 1778
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Invalid names: Cidarites granulosum Goldfuss 1826 [synonym], Echinites saxatilis Parkinson 1811 [synonym]
Rachiosoma hondoensis Cooke 1953
Rachiosoma mortoni de Loriol 1887
Invalid names: Pomelechinus Checchia-Rispoli 1946 [objective synonym]
G. †Thylechinus Pomel 1883
G. †Winkleria
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Invalid names: Phymosomatinae Pomel 1883 [empty]
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Trochotiara kongieli Radwanska 1999
Trochotiara pucaensis Fritzsche 1924
Trochotiara suleiovense Radwanska 1999
Trochotiara superbum Agassiz 1840
Invalid names: Polydiadematidae Hess 1972 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitesubo
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: slow-movingsubo
Life habit: low-level epifaunalsubo
Diet: omnivoresubo
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-02-29 10:30:22
Modified: 2009-12-13 03:47:39
Source: subo = suborder, c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Sinemurian to the top of the Gelasian or 196.50000 to 1.80600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 189.6 Ma

Collections (317 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (England) Pseudodiadema sp. (140334)
Early/Lower Bajocian171.6 - 168.4Luxembourg Trochotiara depressa (38549)
Early/Lower Bajocian171.6 - 168.4France Pseudodiadema sp. (21269)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3Saudi Arabia Leioechinus namus (48112 48136)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3USA (California) Pseudodiadema emersoni (156330)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3Morocco Diplopodia morieii (68165)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3France Diplopodia sp. (34714)
Bajocian - Bathonian170.3 - 166.1Morocco Diplopodia morierii (204643)
Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian170.3 - 164.7Saudi Arabia Leioechinus namus (45303)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Saudi Arabia Leioechinus namus (45394 45464 48141 48300 48339 48340 48341 48373 48395 48402 48405)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1United Kingdom (England) Pseudodiadema sp. (36553)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5India Pseudodiadema cutchensis (61467)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5Saudi Arabia Leioechinus amplus (47890) Leioechinus amplus, Leioechinus namus (48564) Leioechinus namus (45547)
Late/Upper Callovian164.7 - 161.2India Pseudodiadema cutchensis (68598 68601)
Middle Callovian - Early/Lower Oxfordian164.7 - 155.7United Kingdom (Oxfordshire) Trochotiara superbum (196235 196236)
Oxfordian163.5 - 157.3United Kingdom (England) Diplopodia sp. (2654) Diplopodia versipodia (1914)
Oxfordian163.5 - 157.3France Pseudodiadema sp. (8807)
Late/Upper Jurassic161.5 - 145.0France Pseudodiadema sp. (8609)
Early/Lower Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7United Kingdom (Cambridgeshire) Trochotiara superbum (93213)
Early/Lower Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7United Kingdom (England) Trochotiara superbum (93210)