PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Nucleolites

Echinoidea - Nucleolitidae

Taxonomy

Nucleolites was named by Lamarck (1801) [Sepkoski's age data: J Bajo-u T Eo Sepkoski's reference number: 577].

It was reranked as Disaster (Nucleolites) by Quenstedt (1852).

It was assigned to Disaster by Quenstedt (1852); to Cassiduloida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Nucleolitidae by Kier (1962), Kier (1966), Smith (2009).

Species

Echinobrissus ammonis, Echinobrissus angustatus, Echinobrissus atlanticus, Echinobrissus clunicularis, Echinobrissus elongatus, Echinobrissus expansus, Echinobrissus lefebvrei, Echinobrissus orbicularis, Echinobrissus pilensis, Echinobrissus terquemi, N. hori, N. scutatus

Species lacking formal opinion data

Echinobrissus pannonicus, N. amplus, N. brodiei, N. clunicularis, N. lacunosus, N. letteroni, N. piveteaui, N. renggeri, N. roberti, N. scheuchzeri, N. scutatum, N. solovjevi, N. teixeirae, N. trucatus

Synonyms

Echinobrissus was named by Gray (1825).

It was synonymized subjectively with Nucleolites by Kier (1962), Smith (2009).

It was assigned to Nucleolitidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Echinoidea by Maury (1936); and to Echinobrissidae by Jesionek-Szymanska (1963), Poretskaya (1971).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1801	Nucleolites Lamarck p. 347
1825	Echinobrissus Gray
1852	Disaster (Nucleolites) Quenstedt
1915	Echinobrissus Clark and Twitchell p. 69
1936	Echinobrissus Maury p. 276
1962	Nucleolites Kier p. 56
1963	Echinobrissus Jesionek-Szymanska p. 336
1966	Nucleolites Kier p. U501
1971	Echinobrissus Poretskaya p. 6
2002	Nucleolites Sepkoski
2009	Nucleolites Smith pp. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/ec

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata
subphylum	Eleutherozoa
—	Echinozoa	()
class	Echinoidea	()

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
superorder	Acroechinoidea	()
—	Carinacea
—	Irregularia	()
—	Microstomata
—	Neognathostomata
family	Nucleolitidae
genus	Nucleolites

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Nucleolites Lamarck 1801

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†Nucleolites hori Fourtau 1921

†Nucleolites scutatus Lamarck 1816

Invalid names: Echinobrissus Gray 1825 [objective synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
A. B. Smith 2009	Test of small to medium size, broad with greatest width posterior to centre, moderately inflated with thick margins; Apical system tetrabasal, four gonopores, no complemental plates in the disc; Petals long, open, poriferous zones narrowing distally but remaining open, pores conjugate, outer pore transversely elongated; all ambulacral plates with double pores, Periproct supramarginal, longitudinal, with short anal groove; opening at some distance from the apical disc; Peristome anterior, subpentagonal; opening without vertical-walled entrance but oral surface weakly sunken towards peristome; Bourrelets hardly developed; Phyllodes narrow, not bowed towards peristome, double pored, with two series of pore-pairs in each half-ambulacrum; No buccal pores.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calcitec

Ontogeny:

accretion, addition of partsp

Environment:

marinep

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

epifaunalc

Diet:

grazerc

Diet 2:

deposit feederc

Vision:

limitedc

Dispersal:

waterp

Dispersal 2:

planktonicp

Created:

2004-02-28 12:05:24

Modified:

2010-02-12 04:00:29

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Bajocian to the top of the Danian or 168.60000 to 61.66000 Ma

Collections (88 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Middle Jurassic	174.7 - 161.5	United Kingdom (Gloucestershire)	N. clunicularis (204099)
Bajocian	170.9 - 168.2	Saudi Arabia	N. sp. (48088 48089)
Late/Upper Bajocian	168.6 - 168.2	Switzerland	N. renggeri (32036)
Early/Lower Bathonian - Late/Upper Bajocian	168.2 - 168.2	France	N. amplus (8834)
Early/Lower Bathonian	168.2 - 165.3	Poland	Echinobrissus terquemi (196446)
Late/Upper Bathonian	168.2 - 165.3	Poland	Echinobrissus elongatus, Echinobrissus pilensis (196444)
Late/Upper Bathonian	168.2 - 165.3	France	N. clunicularis (58932)
Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	Armenia	Echinobrissus clunicularis (196494)
Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	Germany (Brandenburg)	N. sp., N. scutatus (32016)
Early/Lower Callovian	165.3 - 161.5	Poland	Echinobrissus orbicularis, Echinobrissus clunicularis (196447)
Callovian - Oxfordian	165.3 - 154.8	Tunisia	N. sp. (13951)
Early/Lower Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	United Kingdom (England)	N. scutatus (5936)
Middle Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	United Kingdom (England)	N. scutatus (4087 4088) N. sp. (22737)
Middle Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	France	N. scutatus (4077 4859)
Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	France (Basse-Normandie)	N. scutatus (229482)
Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	United Kingdom (England)	N. scutatum (1563) N. scutatus (1505 1506 1558 1598 1602 1604 1605 1607 1608 1609 1904 1914 1915 2093 2104 2107 2109 2144 2653 2654 2659 2665) N. sp. (2649)
Late/Upper Oxfordian	157.9 - 154.8	United Kingdom	N. scutatus (35300)
Late/Upper Oxfordian	157.9 - 154.8	France	N. scutatus (4779 4781 4784 4786)
Late/Upper Oxfordian	157.9 - 154.8	United Kingdom (England)	N. scutatus (4085 4094 5937 5938 5940)
Late/Upper Oxfordian	157.9 - 154.8	France (Normandy)	N. scutatus (4777 4780)
Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 149.2	Poland (Ozarow)	N. letteroni (157221)
Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 149.2	Poland (Czarnoglowy)	N. letteroni (157224)
Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 149.2	Poland (Niziny)	N. brodiei (157215)
Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 149.2	Poland (Goluchow)	N. trucatus (157219)
Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 149.2	Poland (Wierzbica)	N. letteroni (157220)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian	152.21 - 149.2	Germany (Bavaria)	N. sp. (132944)
Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	Saudi Arabia	N. sp. (195508)
Hauterivian	132.6 - 125.77	Switzerland	Echinobrissus olfersii (2254) Echinobrissus subquadratus, Echinobrissus olfersii (2198 2258)
Hauterivian	132.6 - 125.77	Portugal	N. teixeirae (65876)
Hauterivian	132.6 - 125.77	France	Echinobrissus olfersii (2209)
Barremian	125.77 - 121.4	France	Echinobrissus subquadratus, Echinobrissus olfersii (2212)
Barremian	125.77 - 121.4	Portugal	N. piveteaui (73313) N. piveteaui, N. scheuchzeri (73329)
Barremian	125.77 - 121.4	Switzerland	Echinobrissus subquadratus, Echinobrissus olfersii (2196)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 119.57	Egypt	N. hori (220853)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 119.57	Switzerland	N. roberti (2232)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	France	Echinobrissus nicoleti (2186)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	Portugal	N. piveteaui (73556)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	Switzerland	Echinobrissus placentula, Echinobrissus aequalis (2234) N. roberti, Echinobrissus excentricus (2231)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	United Kingdom (England)	N. lacunosus (1864)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	Russian Federation (Vladimir)	N. solovjevi (235277)
Middle Albian	110.1 - 106.3	Russian Federation (Vladimir)	N. solovjevi (235282)
Middle Albian	110.1 - 106.3	Peru	Echinobrissus sp. (88175)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Texas)	Echinobrissus angustatus (88754)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Kyrgyzstan (Batken)	Echinobrissus markovi (3805) Echinobrissus markovi, Echinobrissus gultchensis (3808)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Gabon	Echinobrissus atlanticus (209643)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Egypt	Echinobrissus lefebvrei (140954)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Spain	N. sp. (3772)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Libya	Echinobrissus pannonicus (77235)