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Schizaster (Paraster)
Taxonomy
Paraster was named by Pomel (1869) [Sepkoski's age data: T Pale R Sepkoski's reference number: 1242]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Schizaster (Paraster) by Fischer (1966), Henderson (1975), McNamara and Philip (1980), Squires and Demetrion (1992).
It was assigned to Schizaster by Fischer (1966), Henderson (1975), McNamara and Philip (1980), Squires and Demetrion (1992); to Spatangoida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Schizasteridae by Parma and Casadío (2005).
It was reranked as Schizaster (Paraster) by Fischer (1966), Henderson (1975), McNamara and Philip (1980), Squires and Demetrion (1992).
It was assigned to Schizaster by Fischer (1966), Henderson (1975), McNamara and Philip (1980), Squires and Demetrion (1992); to Spatangoida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Schizasteridae by Parma and Casadío (2005).
Subtaxa
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1869 | Paraster Pomel p. 14 |
| 1914 | Prymnaster Koehler p. 187 |
| 1925 | Rotundaster Lambert and Thiery p. 526 |
| 1966 | Schizaster (Paraster) Fischer p. U569 |
| 1975 | Schizaster (Paraster) Henderson p. 16 |
| 1980 | Schizaster (Paraster) McNamara and Philip p. 49 |
| 1992 | Schizaster (Paraster) Squires and Demetrion p. 46 |
| 2002 | Paraster Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Paraster Parma and Casadío p. 1080 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subg. Schizaster (Paraster) Pomel 1869
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†Paraster armiger Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Paraster delgadoi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Paraster eustatii Engel 1961
†Paraster joannisboehmi Parma and Casadío 2005
†Paraster pinarensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Schizaster (Paraster) carinatus McNamara and Philip 1980
†Schizaster (Paraster) delorenzoi Checchia-Rispoli 1950
†Schizaster (Paraster) exoletus Hutton 1873
†Schizaster (Paraster) rougeriei Tessier and Roman 1973
†Schizaster (Paraster) tatei McNamara and Philip 1980
Invalid names: Prymnaster Koehler 1914 [synonym], Rotundaster Lambert and Thiery 1925 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 72.20000 to 0.01170 Ma
Collections (37 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maastrichtian | Argentina (La Pampa) | Paraster joannisboehmi (5169) | |
| Danian | Argentina (La Pampa) | Paraster joannisboehmi (5160) | |
| Danian | Argentina (Rio Negro) | Paraster joannisboehmi (5162) | |
| Danian | Argentina (Chubut) | Paraster joannisboehmi (48063) | |
| Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene | Australia (Western Australia) | Schizaster carinatus (204581) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Mexico (Chiapas) | Paraster sp. (85738) | |
| Ypresian | Cote D'Ivoire | Schizaster rougeriei (209344) | |
| Lutetian | Japan | Paraster nummuliticus (204382) | |
| Lutetian | Qatar | Schizaster delorenzoi (209101 209104 209106) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Louisiana) | Schizaster armiger (3534) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | Schizaster armiger (3505 3506 3518) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Georgia) | Schizaster armiger (3528) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Mississippi) | Schizaster armiger (3532) | |
| Bartonian | Australia (South Australia) | Schizaster tatei (204582) | |
| Bartonian | USA (North Carolina) | Paraster sp. (5461) | |
| Kaiatan | New Zealand | Schizaster exoletus (4886 4887 155834 155835) | |
| Kaiatan - Runangan | New Zealand | Schizaster exoletus (155831 155833) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Panama | Schizaster armiger (42488 42698) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Cuba | Paraster pinarensis, Paraster delgadoi (155877) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Alabama) | Schizaster armiger (3540 3548 3549 28983) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Alabama) | Paraster armiger (155971) | |
| Miocene | Micronesia, Federated States of (Northern Mariana Islands) | Paraster saipanicus (204437) | |
| Pliocene | Fiji | Paraster hyperocus (68181) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Netherlands Antilles (Sint Eustatius) | Paraster eustatii (209791) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Saudi Arabia | Schizaster legraini (107972) |