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Tetragraptus
Taxonomy
Tetragraptus was named by Salter (1863) [Sepkoski's age data: O Aren-l O Llvi-l Sepkoski's reference number: 1066].
It was assigned to Tetragrapti by Bulman (1970); to Graptoloidea by Sepkoski (2002); to Tetragrapta by Maletz et al. (2009); to Dichograptidae by Fortey (2011); and to Phyllograptidae by Lo Valvo et al. (2020), Toro et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Tetragrapti by Bulman (1970); to Graptoloidea by Sepkoski (2002); to Tetragrapta by Maletz et al. (2009); to Dichograptidae by Fortey (2011); and to Phyllograptidae by Lo Valvo et al. (2020), Toro et al. (2020).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1863 | Tetragraptus Salter |
| 1970 | Tetragraptus Bulman p. V115 |
| 2002 | Tetragraptus Sepkoski |
| 2009 | Tetragraptus Maletz et al. |
| 2011 | Tetragraptus Fortey p. 223 |
| 2020 | Tetragraptus Lo Valvo et al. p. 546 |
| 2020 | Tetragraptus Toro et al. p. 154 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Tetragraptus Salter 1863
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†Tetragraptus acclinans Keble 1920
†Tetragraptus akzharensis Tzaj 1968
†Tetragraptus amii Elles and Wood 1902
†Tetragraptus bigsbyi Hall 1865
†Tetragraptus decipiens Hall 1899
†Tetragraptus insuetus Keble and Benson 1929
†Tetragraptus phyllograptoides Strandmark 1902
†Tetragraptus pseudobigsbyi Skevington 1965
†Tetragraptus quadribrachiatus Hall 1858
†Tetragraptus reclinatus Elles and Wood 1902
†Tetragraptus reclinatus reclinatus Elles and Wood 1902
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. Maletz et al. 2009 | The crown-clade Tetragrapta is the common
ancestor of Tetragraptus serra and the first species to have distal dicalycal thecae limited to th31 and th32, forming a quadriramous rhabdosome (synapomorphy 6, Fig. 2; see also Fig. 4B). | |
| B. A. Toro et al. 2020 | Phyllograptid with four horizontal to reclined, reflexed and scandent stipes; proximal end isograptid, dextral, with wide crossing canals and tetragraptid proximal end; theca with considerable overlap and moderate development of rutellum. | |
| G. A. Lo Valvo et al. 2020 | Phyllograptid with four horizontal to reclined, reflexed and scandent stipes; proximal end isograptid, dextral, with wide-crossing canals and tetragraptid proximal end; thecae with considerable overlap and moderate development of rutellum. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Dawan to the top of the Longvillian or 478.80000 to 455.00000 Ma
Collections (179 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibexian | USA (California) | T. bigsbyi (205357) T. reclinatus, T. bigsbyi (205358) | |
| Tremadocian | Canada (Northwest Terrorities) | T. sp. (415) | |
| Tremadocian | Morocco (Zagora) | T. sp. (235072) | |
| Tremadocian | New Zealand | T. decipiens (63195 63204) | |
| Early/Lower Ordovician | Argentina (Salta) | T. sp. (220285) | |
| Early/Lower Ordovician | USA (Alaska) | T. quadribrachiatus (111707) | |
| Early/Lower Ordovician | Argentina (Jujuy) | T. reclinatus (220276 220277) | |
| Tremadocian - Floian | Sweden | T. sp. (3195) | |
| Tremadocian - Floian | Norway (Oslo-Asker") | T. phyllograptoides (190980) | |
| Canadian | USA (Utah) | T. quadribrachiatus (103907) T. sp. (103890) | |
| Tremadoc | China (GuangXi) | T. sp. (4664) | |
| Lancefieldian | Australia (Tasmania) | T. sp. (2671) | |
| Lancefieldian | Australia (Queensland) | T. acclinans, T. decipiens (197373) | |
| Lancefieldian | Australia (Victoria) | T. decipiens (204421) | |
| Lancefieldian - Bendigonian | Australia (Tasmania) | T. sp. (211106) | |
| Hunneberg | Russian Federation | T. phyllograptoides (198704) | |
| Hunneberg | Russian Federation (Yaroslavl Oblast) | T. phyllograptoides, T. reclinatus (235882) | |
| Hunneberg | Russian Federation (St. Petersburg) | T. phyllograptoides (191290 191291 191292 191293 191294 191295 191296 191297 191312 191314 191315 191316 191317 191318) | |
| Dawan | China (Hunan and Hubei) | T. sp. (7717) | |
| Dawan | China (Guizhou) | T. sp. (7385) | |
| Dawan | China (Hubei) | T. sp. (7727) | |
| Ningkuo | China (ZheJiang) | T. sp. (7772 7783 7784 7800 7801 7806 7812 7814) | |
| Ningkuo | China (JiangXi) | T. sp. (7755 7757 7763 7764) | |
| Moridunian | Bolivia | T. amii (90413) | |
| Floian | France (Montagne Noire) | T. akzharensis (167747) T. sp. (20827) | |
| Floian | Argentina | T. quadribrachiatus (9034) | |
| Floian | Morocco (Tarfaya) | T. quadribrachiatus, T. reclinatus (56583) | |
| Floian | China (Hubei) | T. reclinatus (203695) | |
| Floian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | T. sp. (205381 205382 205383 205565) | |
| Floian | Argentina (Catamarca) | T. akzharensis, T. phyllograptoides, T. quadribrachiatus, T. reclinatus, T. bigsbyi, T. amii (145599) T. akzharensis, T. quadribrachiatus, T. reclinatus, T. bigsbyi (145600) | |
| Floian | Morocco | T. quadribrachiatus, T. reclinatus (56592) | |
| Floian | Bolivia (Méndez) | T. phyllograptoides, T. amii (204416) | |
| Floian | Argentina (Jujuy) | T. amii (220286) T. sp., T. phyllograptoides (220287) | |
| Floian | Peru | T. quadribrachiatus (210687) | |
| Klabava | Czech Republic | T. reclinatus (3841) | |
| Arenig | China (Hubei) | T. sp. (4709 4715 4721 7724) | |
| Arenig | China (Hunan) | T. sp. (7700 7711) | |
| Arenig | China (Guizhou) | T. sp. (4758 4761 5256 7346 7352 7355 7362 7640) | |
| Arenig | Argentina | T. quadribrachiatus (8777) T. sp. (8869) | |
| Arenig | United Kingdom (England) | T. sp. (3704) | |
| Arenig | Chile | T. sp. (8860) | |
| Arenig | Morocco | T. sp. (20979) | |
| Arenig | Spain (Sevilla) | T. sp. (20924) | |
| Arenig | China (QingHai) | T. sp. (23602) | |
| Arenig | China (Sichuan) | T. sp. (5401 7679) | |
| Arenig | Bolivia | T. quadribrachiatus (197270) T. sp. (8785) | |
| Arenig | China (GuangXi) | T. sp. (4665 4670) | |
| Arenig | France (Montagne Noire) | T. sp. (20826 20828 20831) | |
| Arenig | Norway | T. sp. (3181 3182 3184) | |
| Arenig | China (GuangDong) | T. sp. (4678) | |
| Arenig | Sweden | T. sp. (3197 3249) | |
| Arenig | Canada (Yukon) | T. acclinans (203982) T. amii (204001 204019 204021 204034) T. bigsbyi (204024 204026 204028) T. quadribachiatus (203997 203999 204000 204014 204016 204017) T. quadribrachiatus (203979 203980) | |
| Arenig | Australia (Queensland) | T. acclinans (197374) T. decipiens (197375) T. pseudobigsbyi (197362 197370 197381 197383) T. pseudobigsbyi, T. quadribrachiatus (197380) T. pseudobigsbyi, T. quadribrachiatus, T. reclinatus (197367 197382) T. pseudobigsbyi, T. reclinatus (197368 197371) T. reclinatus (197369 197384) | |
| Arenig | USA (Nevada) | T. sp. (412) | |
| Arenigian | Argentina (Jujuy) | T. akzharensis, T. quadribrachiatus, T. reclinatus (220308) T. quadribrachiatus (220315 220316) T. sp., T. phyllograptoides (220304) | |
| Arenigian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | T. quadribrachiatus (25517 25593) | |
| Billingen | Russian Federation | T. phyllograptoides (198705) | |
| Blackhillsian | USA (California) | T. bigsbyi (104272) | |
| Bendigonian | New Zealand | T. decipens, T. amii (63191) | |
| Bendigonian | Australia (Queensland) | T. pseudobigsbyi, T. reclinatus (197364) | |
| Chewtonian - Castlemainian | USA (Idaho) | T. pseudobigsbyi, T. quadribrachiatus, T. amii (145223) | |
| Castlemainian | New Zealand | T. reclinatus (63364) T. sp., T. whitelawi (63196) T. taraxacum (63285) T. taraxacum, T. headi, T. chapmani, T. sp., T. quadribrachiatus, T. reclinatus, T. bigsbyi, T. amii (63284) | |
| Castlemainian - Yapeenian | USA (Idaho) | T. sp., T. quadribrachiatus, T. amii (145326) | |
| Dapingian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | T. bigsby (205380) T. bigsby, T. sp. (205563) | |
| Dapingian | Argentina (Salta) | T. bigsbyi (214254) | |
| Dapingian | Argentina (Jujuy) | T. reclinatus (214523) | |
| Volkhov | Lithuania | T. bigsby (207279) T. bigsby, T. krukensis, T. headi, T. amii (207284) | |
| Volkhov | Russian Federation (Leningrag oblast) | T. quadribrachiatus, T. bigsbyi (235818) | |
| Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician | Russian Federation (Nenets) | T. bigsbyi (46939) | |
| Fennian | France (Montagne Noire) | T. sp. (20825) | |
| Yapeenian | New Zealand | T. amii (63281 63327) T. quadribrachiatus (63326 63331 63367) T. quadribrachiatus, T. amii (63370) T. reclinatus (63282 63363) T. sp. (63361) T. taraxacum, T. quadribrachiatus, T. amii (63362) | |
| Darriwilian | Canada (Quebec) | T. headi, T. amii (174725) | |
| Darriwilian | New Zealand | T. insuetus (63962) | |
| Early/Lower Llanvirn | China (GuangXi) | T. sp. (4666) | |
| Early/Lower Llanvirn | China (QingHai) | T. sp. (8686) | |
| Early/Lower Llanvirn | Colombia | T. sp. (8863) | |
| Early/Lower Llanvirn | Chile | T. sp. (8861) | |
| Llanvirn | China (GanSu) | T. sp. (8563) | |
| Late/Upper Llanvirn | Norway | T. sp. (3179) | |
| Llandeilo | China (GanSu) | T. sp. (8549) | |
| Longvillian | China (ShanXi) | T. sp. (7885) |