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Polygnathus

Conodonta - Ozarkodinida - Polygnathidae

Taxonomy
Polygnathus was named by Hinde (1879) [Sepkoski's age data: D Sieg-u C Vise-l Sepkoski's reference number: 867]. Its type is Polygnathus dubius.

It was assigned to Conodontophorida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Polygnathidae by Savage (1995), Donoghue et al. (2008).

Species
P. acrinodosus, P. amphora, P. angusticostatus, P. angustipennatus, P. costatus, P. damelei, P. decorosa, P. denisbriceae, P. dubia, P. efimovae, P. hemipennatus, P. holynensis, P. housei, P. ilmenensis (syn. P. drucei), P. linguiformis, P. normalis, P. parawebbi, P. pollocki, P. pseudoeiflius, P. pseudofoliatus, P. robertensis, P. rossicus, P. salixensis, P. varcus, P. wapanuckensis, P. webbi, P. xylus
Species lacking formal opinion data
P. aequalis, P. ancyrognathoideus, P. angustidiscus, P. ansatus, P. aspelundi, P. beckmanni, P. bischoffi, P. brevicarina, P. brevis, P. bryanti, P. bultyncki, P. cracens, P. cristatus, P. duolingshanensis, P. eiflius, P. ensensis, P. eoglaber, P. experplexus, P. glaber, P. hemiansatus, P. inornatus, P. inortata, P. inversus, P. kluepfeli, P. klugi, P. laticostatus, P. latifossatus, P. limitaris, P. linguiformis, P. micrificus, P. obliquicostatus, P. ovatinodosus, P. paradecorosus, P. partitus, P. patulus, P. perbonus, P. perplexus, P. platyobliquemarginatus, P. procerus, P. pura, P. quadratus, P. rarus, P. rhenanus, P. robusticostatus, P. rugosa, P. sagittaria, P. semicostatus, P. serotinus, P. strongi, P. symmetricus, P. tenellus, P. timorensis, P. trigonicus, P. zinaidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1879Polygnathus Hinde
1995Polygnathus Savage p. 542
2002Polygnathus Sepkoski
2008Polygnathus Donoghue et al. pp. f. 13

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumConodontophorida()
RankNameAuthor
classConodontaPander 1856
orderOzarkodinidaDzik 1976
suborderOzarkodininaDzik 1976
superfamilyPolygnathaceaBassler 1925
familyPolygnathidaeBassler 1925
genusPolygnathusHinde 1879

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Polygnathus Hinde 1879
show all | hide all
†Polygnathus acrinodosus Aboussalam 2003
†Polygnathus amphora Walliser and Bultynck 2011
†Polygnathus angusticostatus Wittekindt 1966
†Polygnathus angustipennatus Bischoff and Ziegler 1957
†Polygnathus costatus Klapper 1971
†Polygnathus damelei Vodrazkova et al. 2011
†Polygnathus decorosa Stauffer 1938
†Polygnathus denisbriceae Bultynck 1979
†Polygnathus dubia Hinde 1879
†Polygnathus efimovae Kononova et al. 1996
†Polygnathus hemipennatus Aboussalam 2003
†Polygnathus holynensis Vodrazkova et al. 2011
†Polygnathus housei Aboussalam 2003
†Polygnathus ilmenensis Zhuravlev 2003
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Invalid names: Polygnathus drucei Zhuravlev 1999 [replaced]
†Polygnathus normalis Miller and Youngquist 1947
†Polygnathus parawebbi Chatterton 1974
†Polygnathus pollocki Druce 1976
†Polygnathus pseudoeiflius Walliser and Bultynck 2011
†Polygnathus pseudofoliatus Wittekindt 1966
†Polygnathus robertensis Vodrazkova et al. 2011
†Polygnathus rossicus Zhuravlev 2000
†Polygnathus salixensis Vodrazkova et al. 2011
†Polygnathus varcus Stauffer 1940
†Polygnathus wapanuckensis Harlton 1933
†Polygnathus webbi Stauffer 1938
†Polygnathus xylus Stauffer 1940
†Polygnathus xylus xylus Stauffer 1940
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatitec
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: nektonicc
Diet: carnivorec
Vision: well-developedc
Created: 2005-02-03 07:48:42
Modified: 2010-02-12 04:00:46
Source: c = class
Reference: Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Ladinian or 409.10000 to 237.00000 Ma

Collections (1246 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Helderbergian - Early/Lower Emsian419.2 - 402.5Italy P. dehiscens (26157) P. dehiscens, P. pireneae (26128)
Early/Lower Devonian419.2 - 393.3Czech Republic (Barrandia) P. inversus, P. laticostatus, P. serotinus, P. cracens, P. quadratus, P. cooperi, P. robusticostatus, P. linguiformis, P. cooperi, P. cotatus (12183)
Early/Lower Devonian - Eifelian419.2 - 387.7Czech Republic P. laticostatus, P. serotinus, P. cracens, P. quadratus, P. cooperi, P. cotatus, P. robusticostatus, P. linguiformis (12148) P. serotinus, P. cooperi, P. cotatus, P. robusticostatus, P. costatus (12149)
Devonian419.2 - 358.9Greece (Chios) P. vogesi, P. sp. (222761)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Spain (Aragon) P. dehiscens (40402)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Uzbekistan P. pireneae, P. sokolovi (38672)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6China (Guangxi) P. dehiscens (80471)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Italy (Sardinia) P. pireneae (26162)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Czech Republic P. dehiscens (12104)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Russian Federation (Arkhangel'skaya Oblast') P. dehiscens (40700 40701)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2USA (Iowa) P. sagittaria (211320)
Ivorian353.8 - 346.7United Kingdom (Wales) P. mehli (5873 5874 5875 5876 5877 5878 5879 5880 5881 5882 5883 5884 5885 5886 5887 5888 5889 5890 5891 5894) P. mehli, P. minutus, P. bischoffi (5895)
Osagean352.0 - 343.0USA (California) P. inornatus (225981 225982)
Osagean - Meramecian352.0 - 335.5USA (California) P. inornatus (225973)
Arundian346.7 - 340.0United Kingdom (England) P. bischoffi (171781 171782)
Chadian346.7 - 340.0United Kingdom (Wales) P. bischoffi (5897 5901 5905 5906) P. mehli (5900) P. mehli, P. bischoffi (5896 5899 5903)
Morrowan323.2 - 318.6USA (Missouri) P. sp. (216401 216403)
Early/Lower Pennsylvanian323.2 - 315.2USA (Oklahoma) P. wapanuckensis (132879)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Greece P. carinata (112608)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia) P. sp. (44737)