PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Strophomena billingsi

Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Strophomenidae

Taxonomy

Strophomena billingsi was named by Winchell and Schuchert (1893).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

S. barbieri, S. bellilineata, S. carnica, S. ceiriogensis, S. clermontensis, S. concinna, S. conradi, S. crinerensis, S. delicatula, S. elongata, S. frechi, S. hirundo, S. kulumbensis, S. lebediensis, S. lenta, S. millionensis, S. odessae, S. oklahomensis, S. orbignyi, S. orthididea, S. paeckelmanni, S. perconcava, S. pseudodeltoidea, S. rigida, S. striatissima, S. testuda, S. testudo, S. trentonensis, S. vicina, S. wisconsinensis, S. alpha, S. rigida, S. irregularis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1893	Strophomena billingsi Winchell and Schuchert p. 307 fig. 32
1946	Strophomena billingsi Wilson p. 101 figs. Plate XI, figures 14 a, b

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Strophomenata	Williams et al 1996
order	Strophomenida	Opik 1934
superfamily	Strophomenoidea	King 1846
family	Strophomenidae	King 1846
subfamily	Strophomeninae	King 1846
genus	Strophomena	Rafinesque and De Blainville 1824
species	billingsi	Winchell and Schuchert 1893

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Strophomena billingsi Winchell and Schuchert 1893

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Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitep

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100g

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10g

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

minorg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yesp

Life habit:

epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2009-06-10 11:58:19

Modified:

2009-06-10 13:58:19

Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Chatfieldian to the top of the Maysvillian or 453.80000 to 449.60000 Ma

Collections (12 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Caradoc	458.2 - 449.5	Canada (Ontario)	Strophomena billingsi (26276)
Rocklandian - Shermanian	457.3 - 449.6	USA (Minnesota)	Strophomena billingsi (23290)
Shermanian	457.3 - 449.6	USA (Illinois, Iowa)	Strophomena billingsi (23799 23800 23801 23802)
Shermanian	457.3 - 449.6	USA (Minnesota)	Strophomena billingsi (23278)
Chatfieldian	453.8 - 451.0	Canada (Ontario)	Strophomena billingsi (26270 26271 26273)
Edenian - Maysvillian	451.0 - 449.6	Canada (Ontario)	Strophomena billingsi (26293 26294)