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Gnathophis
Taxonomy
Gnathophis was named by Kaup (1860) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 915]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Congrinae by Steurbaut (1984); to Anguilliformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Congridae by Schwarzhans (1978), Steurbaut (1979), Schwarzhans (1980), Schwarzhans (1985), Stringer (1998), Schwarzhans et al. (2017), Schwarzhans (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Schwarzhans and Nielsen (2021).
It was assigned to Congrinae by Steurbaut (1984); to Anguilliformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Congridae by Schwarzhans (1978), Steurbaut (1979), Schwarzhans (1980), Schwarzhans (1985), Stringer (1998), Schwarzhans et al. (2017), Schwarzhans (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Schwarzhans and Nielsen (2021).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1860 | Gnathophis Kaup p. 7 |
| 1978 | Gnathophis Schwarzhans p. 17 |
| 1979 | Gnathophis Steurbaut p. 54 |
| 1980 | Gnathophis Schwarzhans p. 21 |
| 1984 | Gnathophis Steurbaut p. 36 |
| 1985 | Gnathophis Schwarzhans p. 14 |
| 1998 | Gnathophis Stringer p. 150 |
| 2002 | Gnathophis Sepkoski |
| 2017 | Gnathophis Schwarzhans et al. p. 438 |
| 2019 | Gnathophis Ebersole et al. p. 192 |
| 2019 | Gnathophis Schwarzhans p. 30 |
| 2021 | Gnathophis Schwarzhans and Nielsen p. 10 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Gnathophis Kaup 1860
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†Gnathophis araroa Schwarzhans 2019
†Gnathophis flemingi Schwarzhans 1980
Gnathophis habenatus Richardson 1848
†Gnathophis incognitus Castle 1963
†Gnathophis meridies Frizzell and Lamber 1962
†Gnathophis ornatus Frost 1928
†Gnathophis quinzioi Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
†Gnathophis saubriguensis Steurbaut 1979
Gnathophis umbrellabius Whitley 1948
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Heretaungan to the top of the Ionian or 48.90000 to 0.12900 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Collections (63 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | Conger meridies (62890) | |
| Mangaorapan - Heretaungan | New Zealand (South Island) | G. flemingi (219500) | |
| Heretaungan | New Zealand (South Island) | G. flemingi (219498) | |
| Bortonian | New Zealand (South Island) | G. flemingi (219322 219503) Scalanago meridies (205332) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | G. dissimilis (75638) | |
| Duntroonian | New Zealand (South Island) | G. ornatus (45665 219612 219615) | |
| Chattian | Australia (Victoria) | G. ornatus (174152) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (Louisiana) | G. dissimilis (44521) | |
| Chattian - Early/Lower Miocene | Greece (Greneva) | G. elongatus, G. saubriguensis (222448) | |
| Waitakian | New Zealand (South Island) | G. ornatus (219336 219581) | |
| Aquitanian | France | G. saubriguensis (219195) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand (South Island) | G. ornatus (219591) | |
| Burdigalian | France | G. saubriguensis (219196) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand | G. ornatus (67900) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (South Island) | G. ornatus (219271 219318 219339 219341 219592 219593 219597 219598 219599 219602 219604 219605 219606 219621 219622 219744) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (Southland) | Congridarum ornatus (85538) | |
| Langhian | Australia (Victoria) | Uroconger rectus (219137) | |
| Langhian | France | G. saubriguensis (219197) | |
| Clifdenian | New Zealand (South Island) | G. ornatus (219275 219623) G. ornatus, G. incognitus (219274) | |
| Badenian | Belgium | G. sp. (208831) | |
| Waiauan | New Zealand (North Island) | G. incognitus (219267) G. umbrellabius (219549) | |
| Tortonian | Italy | G. mystax (78437 178120) | |
| Kapitean | New Zealand (North Island) | G. araroa (219555) | |
| Opoitian | New Zealand | G. incognitus, G. umbrellabius (219270) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Australia (Victoria) | G. incognitus (182909) | |
| Zanclean | Italy (Sicily) | G. sp. (223702) | |
| Zanclean | Greece (Peloponnese) | G. mystax (207769) | |
| Pliocene | Jamaica | G. sp. (186673) | |
| Waipipian | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | G. umbrellabius (219644) | |
| Mangapanian - Nukumaruan | New Zealand | G. umbrellabius (219631) | |
| Gelasian | Greece (Rhodes) | G. mystax (207579) | |
| Nukumaruan | New Zealand (North Island) | G. sp. (219633) G. sp., G. umbrellabius (219635) G. umbrellabius (219632 219638) | |
| Castlecliffian | New Zealand (North Island) | G. umbrellabius (219639) | |
| Ionian | Greece (Rhodes) | G. mystax (207568) | |
| Haweran - Holocene | New Zealand (North Island) | G. sp. (219641) G. umbrellabius (219640) |