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Sardina
Taxonomy
Sardina was named by Antipa (1905) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 915]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Clupeiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Clupeinae by Steurbaut (1984), Kovalchuk et al. (2020); and to Clupeidae by Bedini et al. (1986), Constantin (1999), Gaudant et al. (2005), Girone et al. (2006), Gaudant (2008), Gaudant and Courme (2014), Argyriou (2022).
It was assigned to Clupeiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Clupeinae by Steurbaut (1984), Kovalchuk et al. (2020); and to Clupeidae by Bedini et al. (1986), Constantin (1999), Gaudant et al. (2005), Girone et al. (2006), Gaudant (2008), Gaudant and Courme (2014), Argyriou (2022).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1905 | Sardina Antipa |
| 1984 | Sardina Steurbaut p. 41 |
| 1986 | Sardina Bedini et al. p. 18 |
| 1999 | Sardina Constantin |
| 2002 | Sardina Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Sardina Gaudant et al. p. 690 |
| 2006 | Sardina Girone et al. p. 655 |
| 2008 | Sardina Gaudant p. 213 |
| 2014 | Sardina Gaudant and Courme p. 206 |
| 2020 | Sardina Kovalchuk et al. |
| 2022 | Sardina Argyriou p. 103 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Sardina Antipa 1905
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†Sardina crassa Sauvage 1880
†Sardina neeteodosciobanensis Ciobanu 1977
Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 1792
†Sardina rostrata Steurbaut 1984
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Rupelian to the top of the Calabrian or 33.90000 to 0.77400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 27.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 27.3 Ma
Collections (33 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rupelian | Romania | S. necteodosciobanensis (113962 187379 187380) | |
| Langhian | Cyprus | S. sp. (66957) | |
| Serravallian | Kazakhstan | S. sp. (174760) | |
| Tortonian | Greece (Crete) | S. crassa (207356) | |
| Tortonian | Greece | S. crassa (60775 185752) | |
| Messinian | Greece (Crete) | S. crassa (207365) | |
| Messinian | Spain | S. crassa (210671 210672) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | S. crassa (59256) | |
| Messinian | Italy | S. pilchardus (186575 210238) S. sp. (186576 210640) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Tuscany) | S. pilchardus (186581 210628) | |
| Messinian | Algeria | S. crassa (186582 186583 186585) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Cyprus | S. sp. (185663) | |
| Zanclean | Italy | S. pilchardus (210256) | |
| Pliocene | Greece (Crete) | S. sp. (162721) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Italy | S. philchardus (145680) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece | S. sp. (51511) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece (Crete) | S. pilchardus (207303) S. sp. (207304 207357 207359) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Italy | S. philchardus (57058) | |
| Gelasian | Greece (Rhodes) | S. pilchardus (207579) | |
| Calabrian | Italy | S. pilchardus (159288) |