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Porocrinoidea

Crinoidea

Taxonomy
Porocrinoidea was named by Wright et al. (2017). It was considered monophyletic by Wright et al. (2017).

It was assigned to Cladida by Wright et al. (2017); and to Cladida by Ausich et al. (2018), Wright et al. (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2017Porocrinoidea Wright et al.
2018Porocrinoidea Ausich et al.
2019Porocrinoidea Wright et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
RankNameAuthor
classCrinoideaMiller 1821
subclassPentacrinoideaJaekel 1918
infraclassInadunata(Wachsmuth and Springer 1897)
—Cladida(Moore and Laudon 1943)
superorderPorocrinoidea
superorderPorocrinoidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. †Porocrinoidea Wright et al. 2017
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Or. †Hybocrinida Jaekel 1918
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Fm. †Baerocrinidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Baerocrinus Volborth 1865
Fm. †Cornucrinidae Regnell 1948
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G. †Cornucrinus Regnell 1948
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†Cornucrinus longicornis Regnell 1948
†Cornucrinus mirus Regnell 1948
G. †Tripatocrinus Sprinkle 1973
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†Tripatocrinus pustulatus Sprinkle 1973
Subor. †Cyathocrinoidea Bather 1899
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Invalid names: Carabocrinidae Bather 1899 [empty]
Fm. †Hybocrinidae Zittel 1879
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G. †Hoplocrinus Grewingk 1867
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†Hoplocrinus dalearlicus Regnell 1948
G. †Hybocrinus Billings 1857
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†Hybocrinus conicus Billings 1857
†Hybocrinus nitidus Sinclair 1945
†Hybocrinus pristinus Billings 1858
†Hybocrinus tumidus Billings 1857
G. †Parahybocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
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†Parahybocrinus siewersi Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
G. †Revalocrinus Jaekel 1918
G. †Syndiasmocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
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†Syndiasmocrinus apokalypto Guensburg and Sprinkle 2022
Fm. †Hybocystitidae Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Hybocystites Wetherby 1880
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†Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby 1880
Invalid names: Hybocystis Bather 1890 [nomen vanum]
Invalid names: Hybocrinina Ubaghs 1971 [empty]
Or. †Porocrinida Wright et al. 2017
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G. †Carabocrinus Billings 1857
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†Carabocrinus boltoni Ausich and Copper 2010
†Carabocrinus radiatus Billings 1857
†Carabocrinus treadwelli Sinclair 1945
†Carabocrinus tuberculatus Billings 1859
G. †Illemocrinus Eckert 1987
G. †Palaeocrinus Billings 1859
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†Palaeocrinus angulatus Billings 1857
G. †Porocrinus Billings 1857
+
†Porocrinus conicus Billings 1857
G. †Triboloporus Kesling and Paul 1968
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationarysubc
Attached: yessubc
Life habit: intermediate-level epifaunalsubc
Diet: suspension feedersubc
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2009-10-09 11:50:31
Modified: 2009-10-09 13:50:31
Source: subc = subclass, c = class, p = phylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Tulean to the top of the Hirnantian or 481.70000 to 443.10000 Ma

Collections (121 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ibexian488.9 - 471.3USA (Nevada) Tripatocrinus pustulatus (104312)
Early/Lower Ordovician486.85 - 471.3USA (Nevada) Syndiasmocrinus sp., Syndiasmocrinus apokalypto (231317)
Tulean481.7 - 475.3USA (Utah) Parahybocrinus siewersi (231318)
Middle Ordovician471.3 - 458.2USA (Oklahoma) Hybocrinus crinerensis, Porocrinus bromidensis (201757)
Middle Ordovician471.3 - 458.2USA (Kentucky) Carabocrinus micropunctatus, Palaeocrinus avondalensis, Palaeocrinus planobasalis, Triboloporus cryptoplicatus (124619)
Chazyan471.3 - 457.3Canada (Quebec) Hybocrinus pristinus (197279) Palaeocrinus sp. (311)
Whiterockian471.3 - 457.3USA (Nevada) Tripatocrinus pustulatus (90654 104420 104468)
Whiterockian471.3 - 457.3USA (California) Tripatocrinus pustulatus (226695)
Lasnamagi461.4 - 459.7Estonia Revalocrinus costatus (56205)
Costonian - Harnagian458.2 - 457.2Sweden Hoplocrinus sp. (2767)
Sandbian458.2 - 452.8Canada (Quebec) Hybocrinus pristinus (182451 182452) Palaeocrinus striatus, Hybocrinus pristinus (182449 182450)
Sandbian458.2 - 452.8Canada (Ontario) Hybocrinus pristinus (182453)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5USA (Virginia) Carabocrinus sp. (34224 34235 34237 34241 34243 34244 34245 34246 34247 34248 34249 34250 34251 34252)
Idavere458.0 - 452.8Estonia (Ida-Viru) Hoplocrinus sp. (193514)
Turinian457.3 - 453.8Canada (Quebec) Hybocrinus tumidus, Porocrinus conicus, Carabocrinus radiatus (195625)
Turinian457.3 - 453.8USA (Kentucky) Carabocrinus plate (100176) Carabocrinus sp., Hybocystites problematicus (101378) Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocystites problematicus (184657) Hybocystites problematicus (99655 100128 101377)
Ashbyan457.3 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Hybocrinus punctatus, Palaeocrinus planobasalis (201763)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Porocrinus pentagonius (23399)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus smithi (23449) Porocrinus pentagonius (23431) Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus smithi (23436 23445)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (illinois) Porocrinus pentagonius (195626)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Oklahoma) Carabocrinus vancortlandi (24095) Hybocrinus crinerensis, Hybocrinus sp., Carabocrinus tumidus, Hybocrinus conicus (24097) Hybocrinus crinerensis, Porocrinus bromidensis (73277) Hybocrinus pyxidatus, Carabocrinus sp., Carabocrinus tumidus, Carabocrinus vancortlandi, Carabocrinus loeblichi, Carabocrinus logani, Palaeocrinus hudsoni, Hybocrinus nitidus, Carabocrinus treadwelli (23990) Hybocrinus sp., Carabocrinus sp., Palaeocrinus sp. (24101 24102 24104) Hybocrinus sp., Porocrinus sp. (24103) Porocrinus bromidensis (195568)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Carabocrinus sp. (195667) Hybocrinus bilateralis, Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus lebanonensis (195670) Palaeocrinus sulcatus (5328)
Blackriveran - Rocklandian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Porocrinus pentagonius (23454)
Blackriveran - Rocklandian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus smithi (23400)
Kirkfieldian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Porocrinus elegans, Porocrinus pentagonius (23460 23465)
Rocklandian - Kirkfieldian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Porocrinus pentagonius (23457)
Rocklandian - Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Porocrinus elegans, Porocrinus pentagonius (23402) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus elegans, Palaeocrinus angulatus (23394)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Iowa, Illinois) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Carabocrinus oogyi, Hybocrinus conicus (23469) Carabocrinus sp. (23474)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Carabocrinus oogyi, Hybocrinus conicus (23403) Carabocrinus spp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus sp., Hybocrinus conicus, Carabocrinus radiatus (23404)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois) Carabocrinus oogyi (195615)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6Canada (Ontario) Palaeocrinus pulchellus, Porocrinus conicus (26272)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus (23472) Carabocrinus dicyclicus, Carabocrinus magnificus, Carabocrinus oogyi, Hybocrinus conicus (23470 23471) Carabocrinus spp., Hybocrinus conicus, Carabocrinus radiatus (23477 23481) Hybocrinus conicus (23486)
Trentonian457.3 - 449.6Canada (Ontario) Hybocystites sp. (401)
Trentonian457.3 - 449.6USA (Missouri) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus petersenae, Hybocrinus conicus (13157)
Haljala - Oandu456.8 - 451.8Sweden Cornucrinus mirus (163396)
Haljala - Oandu456.8 - 451.8Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus mirus (161743 163395)
Keila453.9 - 452.8Estonia (Harju) Hoplocrinus sp. (193520)
Keila453.9 - 452.8Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus mirus (73412)
Keila - Oandu453.9 - 451.8Sweden Cornucrinus mirus (161776)
Keila - Oandu453.9 - 451.8Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus mirus (73855)
Chatfieldian453.8 - 451.0Canada (Ontario) Hybocystites sp. (26263)
Chatfieldian - Edenian453.8 - 450.2Canada (Nunavut) Carabocrinus sp. (24116)
Johvi452.8 - 449.9Estonia (Harju) Hoplocrinus sp. (193519)
Johvi452.8 - 449.9Estonia (Ida-Viru) Hoplocrinus sp. (193515 193522)
Katian452.8 - 445.2Canada (Ontario) Carabocrinus vancortlandti (182454) Carabocrinus vancortlandti, Illemocrinus amphiatus, Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocystites problematicus, Porocrinus conicus (192275) Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocystites problematicus (192278) Hybocystites sp., Carabocrinus sp. (228229) Illemocrinus amphiatus, Hybocrinus tumidus, Carabocrinus radiatus (192276) Palaeocrinus rhombiferus, Palaeocrinus pulchellus, Hybocrinus tumidus, Dendrocrinus angulatus, Palaeocrinus angulatus, Porocrinus conicus, Hybocrinus conicus, Carabocrinus radiatus (180117)
Katian452.8 - 445.2Canada (Quebec) Carabocrinus boltoni (202367 202369)
Katian452.8 - 445.2Sweden (Dalarna) Cornucrinus mirus (124939)
Katian452.8 - 445.2USA (Iowa) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus sp., Hybocrinus conicus (138446)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus sp., Carabocrinus radiatus (23405)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Porocrinus sp., Carabocrinus radiatus (23490 23492)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (23521)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (23409)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (23410)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (26683) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus pentagonius, Carabocrinus radiatus (13156)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (23522 23524)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus fayettensis (13200) Porocrinus crassus (13260)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5Canada (Nunavut) Carabocrinus sp., Porocrinus shawi (24118)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Illinois, Iowa) Carabocrinus slocomi, Porocrinus crassus (23534 23546)
Pirgu - Hirnantian449.5 - 443.1Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus mirus (73408 73466)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (Scotland) Porocrinus scoticus (73134)
Porkuni445.2 - 443.1Sweden (Dalarne) Cornucrinus longicornis (163397)