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Ophidiiformes

Osteichthyes - Ophidiiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1937Ophidiiformes Berg
1963Ophidiiformes Jordan p. 737
2002Ophidiiformes Sepkoski
2006Ophidiiformes Nelson
2012Ophidiiformes Fierstine et al. p. 75
2013Ophidiiformes Betancur et al.
2014Ophidiiformes Bannikov p. 26
2016Ophidiiformes Nelson et al. p. 315
2019Ophidiiformes van der Laan p. 75

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Acanthopterygii
—Percomorphaceae
—Ophidiaria
orderOphidiiformesBerg 1937
orderOphidiiformesBerg 1937

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Ophidiiformes Berg 1937
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G. Benthocometes Goode and Bean 1896
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†Brotula arcuata Casier 1966
†Brotula longipinnata Kramberger 1880
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Fm. Bythitidae Gill 1861
+
G. Bellotia Harvey 1855
+
Bellotia apoda Giglioli 1883
Subfm. Brosmophycinae Gill 1862
+
G. †Bidenichthys Barnard 1934
+
†Bidenichthys struthersi Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Kalabisia Přikryl and Carnevale 2018
+
†Kalabisia krumvirensis Přikryl and Carnevale 2018
G. †Brosmophyciops Schultz 1960
+
†Brosmophyciops tongarewae Schwarzhans 2019
G. Brosmophycis Gill 1861
+
†Brosmophycis elegans Frost 1934
Brosmophycis marginata Ayres 1854 [red brotula]
†Brosmophycis regularis Priem 1911
G. †Bythitidarum Gill 1861
+
†Bythitidarum moelleri Schwarzhans 2007
†Bythitidarum rasmussenae Schwarzhans 2003
Subfm. Bythitinae Gill 1861
+
G. Oligopus Risso 1810
+
†Oligopus bassolii Nolf 1980
G. Saccogaster Alcock 1889
+
†Saccogaster batanga Schwarzhans 2013
†Saccogaster citreus Schwarzhans 1980
†Saccogaster parengarenga Schwarzhans 2019
†Saccogaster torpidus Schwarzhans 1985
Subfm. Dinematichthyinae Whitley 1928
+
G. †Aotearichthys Schwarzhans et al. 2017
+
†Aotearichthys vestalis Schwarzhans et al. 2017
G. Dermatopsis Ogilby 1896
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†Dermatopsis chalossiana Nolf and Steurbaut 2002
Dermatopsis joergennielseni Møller and Schwarzhans 2006
G. Dipulus Waite 1905
+
Dipulus certus Schwarzhans 2019
G. Ogilbia Jordan and Evermann 1898
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†Ogilbia dispar Koken 1891
†Ogilbia kokeni Priem 1906
†Ogilbia luzanensis Schwarzhans and Bratischko 2011
G. †Otarionichthys Gaemers 1984
+
G. †Dinematichthys Bleeker 1865
+
†Dinematichthys argutus Casier 1966
†Dinematichthys midwayensis Nolf and Dockery 1993
G. Diplacanthopoma Guenther 1887
G. Grammonus Gill 1896
+
Grammonus ater Risso 1810
G. †Propteridium Arambourg 1967
+
†Propteridium profondae Ciobanu 1977
G. Pseudonus Garman 1899
+
†Pseudonus humilis Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
G. Timorichthys Nielsen and Schwarzhans 2011
Invalid names: Aphyoninae [empty]
G. Dannevigia Whitley 1941
Fm. †Ophididae
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G. †Bauzaia Frizzell and Dante 1965
+
†Bauzaia gibbosa Lin et al. 2024
†Bauzaia lamberi Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Bauzaia melrosensis Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Bauzaia mucronatus Koken 1888
†Bauzaia tuberosa Robba 1970
Subfm. Brotulinae Swainson 1838
+
G. †Brotulinarum Unknown
+
†Brotulinarum siremboides Nolf and Bajpai 1992
G. †Preophidion Frizzell and Dante 1965
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†Preophidion convexus Stinton 1977
†Preophidion meyeri Koken 1888
†Preophidion petropolis Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Preophidion stintoni Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. †Signata Frizzell and Dante 1965
+
†Signata nicoli Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Signata stenzeli Frizzell and Dante 1965
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Fm. Carapidae Jordan and Fowler 1902
+
G. Carapus Rafinesque 1810
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Carapus acus Brünnich 1768
†Carapus alleni Schwarzhans 1985
†Carapus lisus Nolf 1971
†Carapus nuntius Koken 1891
†Carapus praecursor Schwarzhans 1980
†Carapus smithvillensis Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. Echiodon Thompson 1837
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†Echiodon heinzelini Huyghebaert and Nolf 1979
†Echiodon pegasus Markle and Olney 1990
†Echiodon teres Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Encheliophis Müller 1842
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†Encheliophis crassidorsalis Schwarzhans 2007
†Encheliophis strigosus Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Eurypleuron Markle and Olney 1990
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†Eurypleuron debilis Schwarzhans et al. 2017
G. †Fierasferoides Schwarzhans 1981
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†Fierasferoides bucculentus Schwarzhans and Bratischko 2011
G. †Jordanicus Gilbert 1905
G. Onuxodon Smith 1955
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†Onuxodon cobeni Nolf 1980
†Onuxodon exiguus Stinton 1956
G. †Paracarapus Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
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†Paracarapus chilensis Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
Invalid names: Carapinae Jordan and Fowler 1902 [empty]
Fm. Ophidiidae Rafinesque 1810
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G. †Aequalobythites Schwarzhans 1981
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†Aequalobythites aequalis Stinton and Nolf 1970
G. †Ampheristus Konig 1825
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†Ampheristus brevicaudatus Lin et al. 2024
†Ampheristus pentlandensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Ampheristus sinuocaudatus Schwarzhans 1980
G. Bassozetus Gill 1883
+
†Bassozetus otteri Schwarzhans 1981
G. Chilara Jordan and Evermann 1896
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Chilara taylori Girard 1858 [spotted cusk eel]
G. Fierasfer Oken 1817
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†Fierasfer novus Sulc 1932
†Fierasfer posterus Koken 1891
G. Hoplobrotula Gill 1864
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†Hoplobrotula antipoda Schwarzhans et al. 2017
†Hoplobrotula elongata Weiler 1943
†Hoplobrotula gibba Bassoli 1906
†Hoplobrotula granosum Stinton 1957
†Hoplobrotula lerichei Stinton and Nolf 1970
†Hoplobrotula orcianensis Schwarzhans 1994
†Hoplobrotula robusta Nolf 1980
†Hoplobrotula sulcata Nolf 1972
G. †Hoplobrotuloides Schwarzhans 1981
G. Hypopleuron Smith and Radcliffe 1913
+
Lepophidium cervinum Goode and Bean 1885
†Lepophidium chonorum Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
†Lepophidium latesulcatum Nolf and Stringer 1992
†Lepophidium limulum Schwarzhans and Aguliera 2016
†Lepophidium mapucheorum Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
Lepophidium negropinna Hildebrand and Barton 1949 [specklefin cusk eel]
G. Neobythites Goode and Bean 1885
+
†Neobythites auribatianus Lin et al. 2017
†Neobythites auriculatus Lin et al. 2017
†Neobythites bozzolo Lin et al. 2017
†Neobythites inprobus Schwarzhans 1985
†Neobythites joenielseni Schwarzhans 1994
†Neobythites leonardi Lin et al. 2017
†Neobythites lindqvisti Schwarzhans et al. 2017
†Neobythites longesulcatus Lin et al. 2024
†Neobythites pamunkeyensis Lin et al. 2024
†Neobythites stringeri Lin et al. 2024
†Neobythites turpidus Schwarzhans 2019
†Neobythites verus Schwarzhans 1985
Subfm. †Neobythitinae Radcliffe 1913
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G. Glyptophidium Alcock 1889
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†Glyptophidium nielseni Schwarzhans 1985
†Glyptophidium stringeri Lin and Nolf 2022
G. Monomitopus Alcock 1890
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†Monomitopus nudus Schwarzhans 1980
†Monomitopus ovalis Schwarzhans 1980
Tr. †Neobythitini Radcliffe 1913
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G. †Neobythitinarum Nolf 1980
G. †Nolfophidion Schwarzhans 1980
+
†Nolfophidion refertus Stinton 1957
†Nolfophidion tumidus Nolf 1972
Subfm. †Ophidiinae Rafinesque 1810
+
+
G. Genypterus Philippi 1857
G. †Lepophidiinorum Unknown
G. Ophidion Linnaeus 1758
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†Ophidion barbadicum Casier 1958
†Ophidion ozymandias Jordan 1921
†Ophidion polli Casier 1946
Ophidion scrippsae Hubbs 1916 [basketweave cusk-eel]
G. Otophidium Gill 1885
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Otophidium robinsi Nolf and Stringer 1992
†Otophidium robustum Nolf and Stringer 1992
†Otophidium splendens Casier 1966
G. †Pseudaequalobythites Schwarzhans 2019
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†Pseudaequalobythites biplex Schwarzhans 2019
Subfm. †Sirembinae Gill 1863
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G. †Gadophycis Stinton 1965
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†Gadophycis bramscheensis Schwarzhans 2007
†Gadophycis serratus Schwarzhans and Bratischko 2011
G. †Sirembinorum Unknown
+
†Sirembinorum obesus Grenfell 1984
G. Sirembo Bleeker 1857
G. †Sirembola Schwarzhans 1981
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†Sirembola supersa Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
G. Spectrunculus Jordan and Thompson 1914
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†Spectrunculus sparsus Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
G. †Zonobythites Schwarzhans 1981
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†Zonobythites cornifer Schwarzhans 2019
Invalid names: Genypterinae [empty], Ophidium voltianum Massalongo 1859 [invalid subgroup]
Superfm. †Ophidioidae
+
Invalid names: Carapoidae [empty]
Invalid names: Parabrotulidae [empty], Rhodichthyidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektobenthico
Diet: carnivoreo
Diet 2: parasiteo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:30:52
Modified: 2009-07-21 04:30:52
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 72.20000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (306 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Maryland) Ophidiidae indet. (127085)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Greenland Bidenichthys lapierrei, Ophidiidarum seelandicus (22943)
Tertiary66.0 - 2.58USA (Mississippi) Otolithus meyeri (163732)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24USA (Alabama) Ampheristus sp., Dinematichthys midwayensis (87817)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Denmark Bidenichthys lapierrei, Ophidiidarum seelandicus (159792 159793 159794) Ophidiidarum seelandicus (159795)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0Ukraine Hoplobrotula sp., Onuxodon sp., Fierasferoides bucculentus, Gadophycis serratus, Preophidion convexus, Ogilbia luzanensis, Bythitidarum rozenbergi (159509)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Dermatopsis argutus, Neobythites obtusus (3262)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Virginia) Glyptophidium polli, Neobythites constrictus, Ampheristus brevicaudatus, Neobythites longesulcatus, Neobythites pamunkeyensis (237216)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Belgium Brosmophycis regularis, Ogilbia kokeni (278424) Neobythites sp., Sirembo tumidus, Brosmophycis elegans, Brosmophycis regularis, Ogilbia kokeni, Neobythites tuberculatus (278420) Ogilbia kokeni (278422 278423)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom Ampheristus toliapicus (215472)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Ampheristus toliapicus (13299 76601)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Alabama) Glyptophidium polli, Preophidion arcuatus, Ampheristus brevicaudatus (237215) Glyptophidium polli, Preophidion arcuatus, Neobythites stringeri (237217)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Mississippi) Preophidion arcuatus (237219)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Texas) Glyptophidium polli, Bauzaia mucronata (237222)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy Ophidium voltianum (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Maryland) Bauzaia gibbosa, Ampheristus brevicaudatus, Neobythites longesulcatus (237212)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene56.0 - 37.71United Kingdom (England) Brosmophycis elegans (3257 3258)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9France Jordanicus lisus, Lepophidium aequalis, Hoplobrotula lerichei, Hoplobrotula sulcata, Genypterus rectangularis, Brosmophycis regularis, Ogilbia kokeni (220174)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Texas) Signata stenzeli, Bauzaia mucronata, Bauzaia lamberi, Bauzaia melrosensis, Preophidion petropolis (84145)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Ophididae indet. (163742)