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Batrachoidiformes (toadfish)
Taxonomy
Batrachoidiformes is an order. It is extant.
It was assigned to Osteichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002); to Paracanthopterygii by Nelson (2006), Long (2011); to Batrachoidimorpharia by Betancur et al. (2013); to Batrachoidida by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Teleostei by Fierstine et al. (2012), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
It was assigned to Osteichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002); to Paracanthopterygii by Nelson (2006), Long (2011); to Batrachoidimorpharia by Betancur et al. (2013); to Batrachoidida by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Teleostei by Fierstine et al. (2012), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2001 | Batrachoidiformes Purdy et al. p. 165 |
| 2002 | Batrachoidiformes Sepkoski |
| 2006 | Batrachoidiformes Nelson |
| 2011 | Batrachoidiformes Long p. 243 |
| 2012 | Batrachoidiformes Fierstine et al. p. 77 |
| 2013 | Batrachoidiformes Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Batrachoidiformes Nelson et al. p. 320 |
| 2018 | Batrachoidiformes Carnevale and Godfrey p. 171 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Batrachoidiformes [toadfish]
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Fm. Batrachoididae
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G. †Batrachoididarum Jordan and Evermann 1898
G. Porichthys Girard 1854
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Porichthys myriaster Hubbs and Schultz 1939
Porichthys notatus Girard 1854
Porichthys pedemontanus Robba 1970
G. †Zappaichthys Carnevale and Collette 2014
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†Zappaichthys harzhauseri Carnevale and Collette 2014
G. †Batrachoidiformorum Goodrich 1909
G. Perulibatrachus Roux and Whitley 1972
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 66.00000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma
Collections (37 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danian | Greenland | Batrachoidiformorum sp. (22943) | |
| Lutetian | Germany (Lower Saxony,) | Batrachoididarum sp. (188954) | |
| Rupelian | Czechia | Louckaichthys novosadi (219097) | |
| Oligocene | Romania | Batrachoididae indet. (219093) | |
| Miocene | India | Batrachoididae indet. (230225) | |
| Langhian | Austria | Zappaichthys harzhauseri (186861) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Gabon | Chatrabus weileri (219363) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | Diaphus pedemontanus (219220 219222) Porichthys sp. (145519 145520) | |
| Tortonian | Panama (Colon) | Diaphus pedemontanus (219219) | |
| Tortonian | Italy | Diaphus pedemontanus (78437 178120 187503 187507) | |
| Messinian | Italy | Batrachoididae indet. (220507) Diaphus pedemontanus (220504) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Batrachoides didactylus (59256) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Piedmont) | Diaphus pedemontanus (172914 172916 199860 220503) | |
| Messinian | Greece (Zakynthos) | Diaphus pedemontanus (207583) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Esmeraldas) | Porichthys margaritatus, Porichthys analis, Porichthys notatus (135043) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Opsanus tau (52582) | |
| Pliocene | Jamaica | Porichthys sp. (186673) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (Florida) | Opsanus sp. (22712) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Porichthys notatus, Porichthys myriaster (219849) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Porichthys notatus, Porichthys myriaster (85314) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Opsanus sp. (20440) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Porichthys notalus (190889) Porichthys notatus, Porichthys myriaster (59063) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Opsanus sp. (57706 73485) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Batrachoididae indet., Opsanus sp. (20604) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Louisiana) | Porichthys sp. (161932) |