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Batrachoidiformes (toadfish)
Taxonomy
Batrachoidiformes is an order. It is extant.
It was assigned to Osteichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002); to Paracanthopterygii by Nelson (2006), Long (2011); to Batrachoidimorpharia by Betancur et al. (2013); to Batrachoidida by Nelson et al. (2016); to Teleostei by Fierstine et al. (2012), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018); and to Batrachoidaria by van der Laan (2019).
It was assigned to Osteichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002); to Paracanthopterygii by Nelson (2006), Long (2011); to Batrachoidimorpharia by Betancur et al. (2013); to Batrachoidida by Nelson et al. (2016); to Teleostei by Fierstine et al. (2012), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018); and to Batrachoidaria by van der Laan (2019).
Subtaxa
Entered
by J. Sepkoski on 2003-01-23; modified by G. Lloyd on 2013-04-30
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2001 | Batrachoidiformes Purdy et al. p. 165 |
| 2002 | Batrachoidiformes Sepkoski |
| 2006 | Batrachoidiformes Nelson |
| 2011 | Batrachoidiformes Long p. 243 |
| 2012 | Batrachoidiformes Fierstine et al. p. 77 |
| 2013 | Batrachoidiformes Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Batrachoidiformes Nelson et al. p. 320 |
| 2018 | Batrachoidiformes Carnevale and Godfrey p. 171 |
| 2019 | Batrachoidiformes van der Laan p. 75 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Batrachoidiformes [toadfish]
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Fm. Batrachoididae Jordan 1896
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G. †Batrachoididarum Jordan and Evermann 1898
G. Porichthys Girard 1854
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Porichthys myriaster Hubbs and Schultz 1939
Porichthys notatus Girard 1854 [plainfin midshipman]
G. †Zappaichthys Carnevale and Collette 2014
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†Zappaichthys harzhauseri Carnevale and Collette 2014
G. †Batrachoidiformorum Goodrich 1909
G. Perulibatrachus Roux and Whitley 1972
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma
Collections (34 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danian | Greenland | Batrachoidiformorum sp. (22943) | |
| Lutetian | France | Batrachoididae indet. (188958) | |
| Lutetian | Germany (Lower Saxony,) | Batrachoididarum sp. (188954) | |
| Rupelian | Czechia | Louckaichthys novosadi (219097) | |
| Oligocene | Romania | Batrachoididae indet. (219093) | |
| Miocene | India | Batrachoididae indet. (230225) | |
| Langhian | Austria | Zappaichthys harzhauseri (186861) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Gabon | Chatrabus weileri (219363) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | Porichthys sp. (145519 145520) | |
| Messinian | Italy | Batrachoididae indet. (220507) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Batrachoides didactylus (59256) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Esmeraldas) | Porichthys margaritatus, Porichthys analis, Porichthys notatus (135043) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Opsanus tau (52582) | |
| Pliocene | Jamaica | Porichthys sp. (186673) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (Florida) | Opsanus sp. (22712) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Porichthys notatus, Porichthys myriaster (219849) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Florida) | Opsanus sp. (20402) | |
| Chibanian | USA (California) | Porichthys notatus (84881 226584 276728) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Opsanus sp. (20440) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Porichthys myriaster (226567) Porichthys notatus (190889 276729) Porichthys notatus, Porichthys myriaster (59063 85314 226585) Porichthys spp., Porichthys notatus, Porichthys myriaster (219031) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Opsanus sp. (57706 73485) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Batrachoididae indet., Opsanus sp. (20604) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Louisiana) | Porichthys sp. (161932) | |
| Holocene | USA (California) | Porichthys notatus (276600) |