PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cymatosaurus

Reptilia - Eosauropterygia

Taxonomy

Cymatosaurus was named by Fritsch (1894) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Anis-l Tr Ladi-l Sepkoski's reference number: 746,1044].

It was assigned to Nothosaurinae by Nopsca (1928); to Nothosauridae by Kuhn (1971); to Nothosauriformes by Storrs (1991); to Nothosauria by Rieppel (1994); to Cymatosauridae by Young (1965), Carroll (1988), Rieppel (1997), Rieppel and Wernburg (1998), Rieppel (2000); to Pistosauria by O'Keefe (2001); to Notosauria by Sepkoski (2002); and to Pistosauroidea by Sander et al. (2014).

Species

C. erikae, C. erythreus, C. fridericianus, C. gracilis, C. latifrons (syn. C. silesiacus), C. minor, C. multidentatus, Proneusticosaurus madelungi, Proneusticosaurus silesiacus

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. erytheus

Synonyms

Cymatosaurus erythreus was named by Huene (1944). Its type specimen is BRG 612, a partial skull (snout fragment), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Rüdersdorf, near Berlin (Buntsandstein), which is in an Anisian marine horizon in the Röt Formation of Germany.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rieppel (1997).
Proneusticosaurus was named by Volz (1902) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr m]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cymatosaurus by Sues (1987).

It was assigned to Simosaurinae by Nopsca (1928); to Pachypleurosauridae by Kuhn (1971); to Nothosauridae by Carroll (1988); and to Notosauria by Sepkoski (2002).
Eurysaurus was named by Gaudry (1878) [Sepkoski's age data: J m].

It was synonymized subjectively with Cymatosaurus by Storrs (1991).

It was assigned to Pliosauridae by Carroll (1988); and to Plesiosauria by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1878	Eurysaurus Gaudry
1894	Cymatosaurus Fritsch
1902	Proneusticosaurus Volz
1928	Proneusticosaurus Nopsca p. 43
1928	Cymatosaurus Nopsca p. 44
1944	Cymatosaurus erythreus Huene p. 193 figs. 1a-c
1965	Cymatosaurus Young p. 355
1971	Cymatosaurus Kuhn p. 18
1971	Proneusticosaurus Kuhn p. 18
1971	Cymatosaurus erythreus Kuhn p. 19
1988	Cymatosaurus Carroll
1988	Eurysaurus Carroll
1988	Proneusticosaurus Carroll
1991	Cymatosaurus Storrs p. 134
1994	Cymatosaurus Rieppel p. 10 fig. 1
1997	Cymatosaurus Rieppel pp. 3-4
1998	Cymatosaurus Rieppel and Wernburg p. 578
2000	Cymatosaurus Rieppel
2001	Cymatosaurus O'Keefe p. 19 fig. 20
2002	Cymatosaurus Sepkoski
2002	Eurysaurus Sepkoski
2002	Proneusticosaurus Sepkoski
2014	Cymatosaurus Sander et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
suborder	Sauropterygia
order	Eosauropterygia
suborder	Pistosauroidea	Baur 1887
genus	Cymatosaurus	Fritsch 1894

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Cymatosaurus Fritsch 1894

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†Cymatosaurus erikae Maisch 2014

†Cymatosaurus fridericianus Frtisch 1894

†Cymatosaurus gracilis Schrammen 1899

†Cymatosaurus latifrons Gürich 1884

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Invalid names: Cymatosaurus silesiacus Schrammen 1899 [objective synonym]

†Cymatosaurus minor Rieppel and Wernburg 1998

†Cymatosaurus multidentatus Huene 1958

Invalid names: Cymatosaurus erythreus Huene 1944 [nomen dubium], Eurysaurus Gaudry 1878 [synonym], Proneusticosaurus Volz 1902 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
O. Rieppel and R. Wernburg 1998	"Eosauropterygians with a moderately depressed skull; snout constricted; postorbital skull distinctly elongated; occiput deeply concave; supraoccipital vertically oriented and in loose connection with the dermatocranium; distinctly reduced nasals that may or may not enter the external naris; frontals paired; posterolateral procceses of frontals closely approach the upper temporal fossa and may enter its anteromedial margin; parietals incompletely or completely fused; jugal enters posterior margin of the orbit and remains excluded from upper temporal arch; quadratojugal absent."

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Created:

2017-04-17 10:38:36

Modified:

2017-04-17 10:38:36

Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range: Bithynian or 244.99000 to 244.24000 Ma

Collections (11 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Aegean - Bithynian	246.7 - 244.24	Germany (Baden-Württeberg)	C. sp. (134506)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	Germany (Thuringia)	C. minor (105188)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	Poland	C. fridericianus, Nothosaurus latifrons, Proneusticosaurus silesiacus, C. sp. (63538) C. sp., C. latifrons, Proneusticosaurus madelungi (138068)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	Germany	C. erytheus (138071)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	Austria (Arlberg)	C. multidentatus (138070)
Anisian - Ladinian	246.7 - 237.0	France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region)	Proneusticosaurus sp. (31770)
Bithynian	244.99 - 244.24	Netherlands	C. sp. (106538)
Bithynian	244.99 - 244.24	Poland (Opolskie)	C. gracilis (104812)
Bithynian	244.99 - 244.24	Germany	C. erikae (138069)
Bithynian	244.99 - 244.24	Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)	C. fridericianus (106438)