PBDB Taxon

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Platypterygius

Reptilia - Ophthalmosauridae

Taxonomy

Platypterygius was named by von Huene (1922) [Sepkoski's age data: K (Nc) - K (Ceno-l)]. It is not extant. Its type is Ichthyosaurus platydactylus.

It was assigned to Streptospondylidae by von Huene (1951); to Stenopterygiidae by Shimada (1996); to Leptopterygiidae by Carroll (1988), Arkhangelsky (1998), Storrs et al. (2000); to Neoichthyosauria by Sander (2000); to Ichthyosauria by Sepkoski (2002); to Ophthalmosauria by Motani (1999), Fernández (2003), Druckenmiller and Maxwell (2010); to Platypterygiinae by Pardo-Pérez et al. (2012), Fischer et al. (2012), Arkhangelsky and Zverkov (2014), Robert et al. (2014), Pérez et al. (2015), Bardet et al. (2015); and to Ophthalmosauridae by Maisch and Matzke (2000), McGowan and Motani (2003), Kolb and Sander (2009), Maisch (2010), Maxwell and Kear (2010), Fischer et al. (2011), Fischer et al. (2013), Ji et al. (2016).

Species

Ichthyosaurus marathonensis, Myobradypterygius mollensis, P. americanus (syn. Myopterygius petersoni), P. australis (syn. Myopterygius marathonensis, P. longmani, Myopterygius australis), P. bedengensis, P. compylodon, P. hauthali, P. hercynicus, P. kiprijanoffi, P. ochevi, P. platydactylus (syn. Ichthyosaurus hercynicus), P. sachicarum

Synonyms

Myobradypterygius was named by von Huene (1927). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Platypterygius by Maisch and Matzke (2000).

It was assigned to Macropterygiidae by von Huene (1951); and to Ichthyosauridae by Appleby (1967).
Plutoniosaurus was named by Efimov (1997).

It was synonymized subjectively with Platypterygius by Maisch and Matzke (2000).

It was assigned to Ophthalmosauria by Motani (1999).
Myopterygius was named by Huene (1922). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Platypterygius by Maisch and Matzke (2000).

It was assigned to Stenopterygiidae by Nace (1939); to Macropterygiidae by von Huene (1951); and to Ichthyosauridae by Appleby (1967).
Longirostria was named by Arkhangelsky (1998).

It was synonymized subjectively with Platypterygius by Maisch and Matzke (2000).
Tenuirostria was named by Arkhangelsky (1998).

It was synonymized subjectively with Platypterygius by Maisch and Matzke (2000).
Ichthyosaurus marathonensis was named by Etheridge (1888). Its type specimen is QM, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Marathon Station, Flinders River, which is in an Albian basinal (carbonate) horizon in Australia.

It was recombined as Myopterygius marathonensis by Huene (1922); it was considered a nomen dubium by Kear (2003); it was synonymized subjectively with Platypterygius australis by Zammit (2010).
Myobradypterygius mollensis was named by Rusconi (1938). Its type specimen is MHN-PV 106, a set of vertebrae, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Puente del Ictiosaurio, Los Molles, which is in a Jurassic marine limestone in Argentina.

It was recombined as Ancanamunia mollensis by Rusconi (1942); it was recombined as Ancanamunia mollense by Rusconi (1948); it was considered a nomen dubium by McGowan and Motani (2003).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1888	Ichthyosaurus marathonensis Etheridge pp. 96, 98
1892	Ichthyosaurus marathonensis Jack and Etheridge p. 412
1922	Myopterygius Huene
1922	Myopterygius marathonensis Huene pp. 96, 98
1922	Platypterygius von Huene
1927	Myobradypterygius von Huene p. 29
1938	Myobradypterygius mollensis Rusconi p. 2 figs. 1-2
1939	Myopterygius Nace p. 674
1942	Ancanamunia mollensis Rusconi p. 2
1948	Ancanamunia mollense Rusconi p. 58
1951	Myobradypterygius von Huene p. 90
1951	Myopterygius von Huene p. 90
1951	Platypterygius von Huene p. 90
1967	Myobradypterygius Appleby p. 137
1967	Myopterygius Appleby p. 137
1988	Platypterygius Carroll
1996	Platypterygius Shimada p. 40
1997	Plutoniosaurus Efimov
1998	Longirostria Arkhangelsky
1998	Platypterygius Arkhangelsky
1998	Tenuirostria Arkhangelsky
1999	Platypterygius Motani p. 485
1999	Plutoniosaurus Motani p. 485
2000	Platypterygius Maisch and Matzke pp. 81, 100
2000	Platypterygius Sander
2000	Platypterygius Storrs et al. pp. 200-201
2002	Platyptergius Sepkoski
2003	Platypterygius Fernández p. 693 fig. 3
2003	Platypterygius McGowan and Motani
2009	Platypterygius Kolb and Sander
2010	Platypterygius Druckenmiller and Maxwell
2010	Platypterygius Maisch
2010	Platypterygius Maxwell and Kear
2011	Platypterygius Fischer et al.
2012	Platypterygius Fischer et al.
2012	Platypterygius Pardo-Pérez et al.
2013	Platypterygius Fischer et al.
2014	Platypterygius Arkhangelsky and Zverkov
2014	Platypterygius Robert et al. p. 22 fig. 15
2015	Platypterygius Bardet et al. p. 5
2015	Platypterygius Pérez et al. p. 124
2016	Platypterygius Ji et al. p. 13

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Ichthyosauromorpha
—	Ichthyosauriformes
—	Ichthyopterygia	(Owen 1840)
—	Eoichthyosauria
—	Ichthyosauria	(de Blainville 1835)
—	Baracromia
family	Ophthalmosauridae	Andrews 1910
subfamily	Platypterygiinae	Arkhangelsky 2001
genus	Platypterygius	von Huene 1922

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Platypterygius von Huene 1922

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†Platypterygius americanus Nace 1939

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Invalid names: Myopterygius petersoni Nace 1941 [synonym]

†Platypterygius australis McCoy 1867

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Invalid names: Myopterygius australis McCoy 1867 [synonym], Myopterygius marathonensis Etheridge 1888 [synonym], Platypterygius longmani Wade 1990 [synonym]

†Platypterygius bedengensis Efimov 1997

†Platypterygius compylodon Carter 1846

†Platypterygius hauthali von Huene 1927

†Platypterygius hercynicus Kuhn 1946

†Platypterygius kiprijanoffi Romer 1968

†Platypterygius ochevi Arkhangelsky et al. 2008

†Platypterygius platydactylus Broili 1907

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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus hercynicus Kuhn 1946 [synonym]

†Platypterygius sachicarum Paramo 1997

Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus marathonensis Etheridge 1888 [nomen dubium], Longirostria Arkhangelsky 1998 [synonym], Myobradypterygius von Huene 1927 [synonym], Myopterygius Huene 1922 [synonym], Plutoniosaurus Efimov 1997 [synonym], Tenuirostria Arkhangelsky 1998 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
R. Motani 1999	Two or three preaxial accessory digits; at least two postaxial accessory digits; stapes large, with rounded head.
R. Motani 1999 (Plutoniosaurus)	Symmetrical forefin; scapula wide ventrally, about three times as dorsal width.
M. W. Maisch and A. T. Matzke 2000	"Large ichthyosaur, adult size up to 9 m, skull low-crowned, long snout, small orbit, long postorbital region, maxilla extremely long anteriorly, strong dentition, roots of teeth quadrangular in cross-section, external naris subdivided, septomaxilla well ossified, squamosal lost, condylus occipitalis semihemispherical, area extracondylaris extremely reduced, atlas-axis co-ossified with third cervical vertebra, intercentra not differentiated, humerus with very strong trochanter dorsalis, two or three distal facets, anterior and posterior accessory digits well developed, all podial elements very thick, forming close-fitting polygonal mosaic pattern as in Ichthyosaurus, pelvis and hindfin little known but apparently extremely reduced, caudal peduncle short."
C. Ji et al. 2016	Maxilla and prefrontal contact present; postfron- tal medial extension not over anterior margin of upper temporal fenestra; frontal entering upper temporal fenestra; squamosal absent; teeth set in sockets at least anteriorly; humerus with up to four facets (anterior and posterior for pre- and postaxial accessory digits); more than seven digits in forefin, including more than one preaxial accessory digit; phalanges polygonal and closely packed, number of elements in longest digit of forefin >17; ischium and pubis fused; femur with two or three distal facets.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Reproduction:

viviparouso

Created:

2009-07-20 06:07:40

Modified:

2010-02-23 00:20:57

Source: o = order

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Tithonian to the top of the Cenomanian or 150.80000 to 93.90000 Ma

Collections (56 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Jurassic	161.5 - 145.0	Argentina (Mendoza)	Myobradypterygius mollensis (137144)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Albian	150.8 - 100.5	Chile (Magallanes)	P. sp., P. hauthali (132348)
Cretaceous	145.0 - 66.0	New Zealand (Northland)	P. sp. (119008)
Valanginian - Hauterivian	139.8 - 129.4	Chile (Ultima Esperanza)	P. sp., P. hauthali (164882)
Late/Upper Hauterivian	136.4 - 130.0	Russian Federation (Ul'yanovsk)	P. bedengensis (138039)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Late/Upper Barremian	136.4 - 125.45	Australia (Western Australia)	P. sp. (169140)
Barremian	129.4 - 125.0	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Myobradypterygius hauthali (97807)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Australia (New South Wales)	P. sp. (60762)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Switzerland	P. sp. (169125)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Venezuela (Zulia)	P. sp. (89071)
Late/Upper Aptian	122.46 - 113.0	Germany (Niedersachsen)	P. hercynicus (122700)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 122.46	Germany (Lower Saxony)	Ichthyosaurus platydactylus (143310)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 122.46	Colombia (Boyaca)	P. sachicarum (142346)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	Australia (Queensland)	Ichthyosaurus australis (222684 222685) Ichthyosaurus marathonensis (222683)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	USA (Oregon)	P. americanus (229463)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	United Kingdom (England)	P. sp. (86975)
Albian - Cenomanian	113.0 - 93.9	Russian Federation (Voronezh)	P. ochevi (120555)
Albian - Cenomanian	113.0 - 93.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	P. americanus (119005)
Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian	112.03 - 105.3	France	P. sp. (13499)
Middle Albian	109.0 - 105.3	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur)	P. sp. (70458)
Middle Albian	109.0 - 105.3	Canada (Northwest Territories)	P. sp. (94490)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	France	P. sp. (169253)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	France (Basse-Normandie)	P. hercynicus, P. campylodon (109057)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	USA (Kansas)	P. sp. (90327)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	Australia (Queensland)	P. australis (47057 56885 56889 85237 100371 122701 122702 122703 122704 122705 122706) P. longmani (89950 110465 119010 122712) P. sp. (89951)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	Poland (Annopol)	P. sp. (178042)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	USA (Wyoming)	Myopterygius americanus (105789)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	Poland	P. sp. (213375)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	United Kingdom (England)	P. sp. (94210)
Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian	105.3 - 93.9	Russian Federation (Belgorod)	P. sp. (32314)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Wyoming)	Myopterygius petersoni (100236)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	France (Pas de Calais)	P. kiprijanoffi (113559)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	New Zealand (South Island)	P. sp. (237774)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (120507)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	France (Normandy)	P. sp. (142837)
Middle Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	USA (Wyoming)	Myopterygius petersoni (105791)
Middle Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Russian Federation (Volgograd)	Ichthyosauria indet. (92399)
Middle Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	India	P. sp. (214382)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Germany (Bavaria)	P. sp. (214381)