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Temnodontosaurus
Taxonomy
Temnodontosaurus was named by Lydekker (1889) [Sepkoski's age data: J Sine J Toar]. It is not extant.
It was synonymized subjectively with Leptopterygius by von Huene (1951).
It was assigned to Leptopterygiidae by Carroll (1988); to Parvipelvia by Motani (1999); to Ichthyosauria by Sepkoski (2002); to Temnodontosauridae by McGowan (1974), McGowan and Motani (2003), Maisch (2010); to Neoichthyosauria by Sander (2000), Maisch and Matzke (2000), Martin et al. (2012), Fischer et al. (2013); and to Temnodontosauroidea by Ji et al. (2016).
It was synonymized subjectively with Leptopterygius by von Huene (1951).
It was assigned to Leptopterygiidae by Carroll (1988); to Parvipelvia by Motani (1999); to Ichthyosauria by Sepkoski (2002); to Temnodontosauridae by McGowan (1974), McGowan and Motani (2003), Maisch (2010); to Neoichthyosauria by Sander (2000), Maisch and Matzke (2000), Martin et al. (2012), Fischer et al. (2013); and to Temnodontosauroidea by Ji et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1889 | Temnodontosaurus Lydekker |
| 1974 | Temnodontosaurus McGowan |
| 1988 | Temnodontosaurus Carroll |
| 1999 | Temnodontosaurus Motani p. 482 |
| 2000 | Temnodontosaurus Maisch and Matzke pp. 71, 97 |
| 2000 | Temnodontosaurus Sander |
| 2002 | Temnodontosaurus Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Temnodontosaurus McGowan and Motani |
| 2010 | Temnodontosaurus Maisch |
| 2012 | Temnodontosaurus Martin et al. p. 996 figs. 2-6 |
| 2013 | Temnodontosaurus Fischer et al. |
| 2016 | Temnodontosaurus Ji et al. p. 11 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Temnodontosaurus Lydekker 1889
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†Temnodontosaurus azerguensis Martin et al. 2012
†Temnodontosaurus burgundiae Gaudry 1892
†Temnodontosaurus crassimanus Blake 1876
†Temnodontosaurus eurycephalus McGowan 1974
†Temnodontosaurus longirostris Owen 1881
†Temnodontosaurus nuertingensis von Huene 1931
†Temnodontosaurus platyodon Conybeare 1822
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus oligostinus Hawkins 1840 [synonym], Temnodontosaurus risor McGowan 1974 [synonym]
†Temnodontosaurus trigonodon Theodori 1843
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| R. Motani 1999 | Manual digit V without proximal ossifications; manual digits long, with about 20 elements in well-preserved specimens; pre-tailbend vertebral count high, approaching 90 or more. | |
| M. W. Maisch and A. T. Matzke 2000 | "Very large ichthyosaurs, exceeding 12 m in length, skull large with robust snout, maxilla long anterior to naris, postorbital skull segment long, carotid foramina paired in basisphenoid, processus cultriformis with strong ventral keel, forefins with three primary and one postaxial accessory digit, proximal elements form mosaic, more distal elements rather rounded, at least two notches in forefin, hindfin more than two thirds the length of forefin, tailbend nor very strong (less than 35 degrees)." | |
| J. E. Martin et al. 2012 | Large (7–12 m) nonthunnosaurian (forefin and hind fin of comparable size; Motani, 1999) Neoichthyosauria is characterized by a paired carotid foramen on the basisphenoid (unlike Eurhinosaurus, Maisch and Matzke, 2000; unknown for other members of the clade); maxilla with long anterior process process, extending as far as the nasal anteriorly (autapomorphic within non-thunnosaurian neoichthyosaurians; V. Fischer, pers. obs.); constricted humerus (unlike Eurhinosaurus and Excalibosaurus McGowan, 2003; and Suevoleviathan Maisch, 1998a); forefin and hind fin composed of numerous hexagonal elements (unlike Leptonectes solei McGowan, 1993; and Eurhinosaurus, McGowan, 2003); at least two notches in the leading edge digit of forefin and hind fin (unlike L. moorei McGowan and Milner, 1999; L. solei McGowan, 1993; and Suevoleviathan Maisch, 1998a). | |
| C. Ji et al. 2016 | Large size of usually 7–12 m in adult; long and robust snout, snout ratio usually <0.65 but >0.59; maxilla ante- rior process extending as far anteriorly as the nasal; nasal parietal contact lateral to frontal present; anterodistal margin of femur slightly enlarged; phalanges roughly hexagonal. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Sinemurian to the top of the Late/Upper Toarcian or 199.30000 to 175.60000 Ma
Collections (15 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Jurassic | France (Burgundy) | T. burgundiae (144397) | |
| Late/Upper Hettangian | Luxembourg (Mersch) | T. sp. (155210) | |
| Planorbis | United Kingdom | T. longirostris (41815) | |
| Sinemurian | United Kingdom (England) | T. platyodon (98103) T. risor (122153) | |
| Early/Lower Sinemurian | United Kingdom (England) | T. eurycephalus (140334) T. longirostris (71401) | |
| Early/Lower Sinemurian | Belgium | T. platyodon (176255) | |
| Early/Lower Pliensbachian | Germany | T. nuertingensis (176450) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany (Baden-Württenburg) | T. trigonodon (91700) | |
| Falciferum | Germany | T. trigonodon (139759) | |
| Falciferum - Bifrons | United Kingdom (England) | T. longirostris, T. crassimanus (90459) | |
| Toarcian | United Kingdom (North Yorkshire) | T. crassimanus (220942) | |
| Middle Toarcian | France (Rhone) | T. azerguensis (133652) | |
| Late/Upper Toarcian | France (Rhone) | T. sp. (140483) |