PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Polinices shumardianus

Gastropoda - Naticidae

Taxonomy

Lunatia shumardiana was named by Gabb (1864).

It was recombined as Polinices shumardianus by Stewart (1927); it was recombined as Euspira shumardiana by Popenoe (1937).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

P. alamedensis, P. aratus, P. brunneus, P. concinna, P. cumingianus, P. horni, P. huttoni, P. julianna, P. lewisi, P. medinae, P. nagahamai, P. onustus, P. onustus, P. panamensis, P. prolacteus, P. propeovatus, P. robustus, P. orangensis, P. subvarians, P. staringi, P. eucallosus, P. onustus, P. finlayi, P. finlayi, P. modestus, P. obstructus, P. columnaris, P. marambiensis, P. newtoni, P. panamensis, P. parki, P. saulae, P. subtenius

Synonyms

Gyrodes californica was named by Packard (1922). Its type specimen is UCMP 12300 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is UCMP loc. 2167, Santa Ana Mountains, which is in a Campanian/Campanian marine horizon in the Williams Formation of California.

It was synonymized subjectively with Euspira shumardiana by Popenoe (1937).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1864	Lunatia shumardiana Gabb pp. 106, 224 figs. pl. 19, fig. 61
1922	Gyrodes californica Packard p. 429 figs. Plate 35, figures 2a and 2b
1927	Polinices shumardianus Stewart p. 325 figs. pl. 21, fig. 11
1937	Euspira shumardiana Popenoe p. 398 figs. Plate 49, figure 3

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superfamily	Naticoidea	(Forbes 1838)
family	Naticidae	Guilding 1834
subfamily	Polinicinae	Gray 1847
genus	Polinices	Monfort 1810
species	shumardianus	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Polinices shumardianus Gabb 1864

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Invalid names: Gyrodes californica Packard 1922 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
E. L. Packard 1922 (Gyrodes californica)	Shell medium size, nearly as high as broad, spire low, consisting of three whorls, which are depressed, rounded without groove or tabulation; suture appressed; aperture subcircular, broadly rounded below and angulated above; umbilicus very small; surface sculptured by irregular lines of growth. Height of type, about 17 mm.; diameter of body whorl, 19.5 mm.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitef

Entire body:

yesg

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Adult height:

10 to < 100g

Thickness:

intermediateg

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

noneg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Locomotion:

actively mobileg

Life habit:

semi-infaunalg

Diet:

carnivoreg

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2004-10-20 00:53:45

Modified:

2018-03-19 12:56:43

Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Cenomanian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 100.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (18 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (California)	Polinices shumardianus (167601)
Turonian - Santonian	93.9 - 83.6	USA (California)	Euspira shumardiana (80942 80943)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (California)	Euspira shumardiana (185171 185172 220366 220929)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (California)	Euspira shumardiana (185174 185178 219078 220908 220910 220912 220913)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (California)	Euspira shumardiana (66683 224893)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (California)	Gyrodes californica (219051)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (California)	Gyrodes californica (83792)