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Holonematidae
Taxonomy
Holonematidae was named by Obruchev (1932). Its type is Holonema.
It was assigned to Holonematina by Denison (1975); to Phlyctaeniina by Denison (1978); to Phlyctaenina by Denison (1984); and to Phlyctaeniiformes by van der Laan (2019).
It was assigned to Holonematina by Denison (1975); to Phlyctaeniina by Denison (1978); to Phlyctaenina by Denison (1984); and to Phlyctaeniiformes by van der Laan (2019).
Subtaxa
Belemnacanthus, Bimbianga, Deirosteus, Deveonema, Gyroplacosteus, Holonema (type genus), Megaloplax, Rhenonema, Tiaraspis, Tropidosteus
Entered
by J. Marcot on 2018-04-10; modified by P. Novack-Gottshall on 2025-07-21
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1932 | Holonematidae Obruchev |
| 1975 | Holonematidae Denison p. 23 |
| 1978 | Holonematidae Denison |
| 1984 | Holonematidae Denison p. 396 |
| 2019 | Holonematidae van der Laan p. 30 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Holonematidae Obruchev 1932
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G. †Deirosteus Wells 1942
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†Deirosteus abbreviatus Eastman 1907
†Deirosteus angustatus Obruchev 1961
†Deirosteus omaliusii Agassiz 1844
G. †Gyroplacosteus Obrutschev 1930
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†Gyroplacosteus butovi Obruchev 1932
†Gyroplacosteus panderi Obruchev 1932
†Gyroplacosteus vialowi Kulczycki 1957
G. †Holonema Newberry 1890
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†Holonema arcticum Mark-Kurik 1975
†Holonema farrowi Stevens 1964
†Holonema haiti Denison 1968
†Holonema harmae Mark 1953
†Holonema horrida Cope 1892
†Holonema obrutshevi Mark 1953
†Holonema ornatum Traquair 1908
†Holonema radiatum Obruchev 1932
†Holonema rugosa Claypole 1883
†Holonema westolli Miles 1971
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| Reference: Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Emsian to the top of the Famennian or 399.50000 to 358.86000 Ma
Collections (27 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Devonian | Germany | Tiaraspis subtilis (239016) | |
| Pragian - Emsian | Germany | Tiaraspis subtilis, Tiaraspis barbarae (239017) | |
| Emsian | Australia (New South Wales) | Bimbianga burrinjuckensis (278904 278926) | |
| Emsian | Germany | Tiaraspis subtilis (239018) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | China | Holonema sp. (238391) | |
| Eifelian | Iran | Holonema sp. (239496) | |
| Eifelian | Estonia | Holonema sp. A Mark-Kurik (225794) Holonema sp. B Mark-Kurik (225793) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Latvia | Holonema obrutshevi (225802 225850) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Estonia | Holonema harmae (225851) Holonema obrutshevi (225804) | |
| Givetian | Belarus (Brest) | Holonema sp. (242243) | |
| Givetian | USA (Michigan) | Holonema farrowi (238765) Holonema rugosum (238763) Holonema sp., Holonema rugosum (238762) | |
| Givetian | Belarus (Gormel) | Holonematidae indet. (242242) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian | Australia (Victoria) | Holonematidae indet. (239421) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Iran | Holonema sp. (226048) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Iran (Esfahan) | Holonema sp. (90626) | |
| Frasnian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Holonema horrida, Holonema rugosa (164509) | |
| Frasnian | Australia (New South Wales) | Holonema westolli (232510) | |
| Frasnian | USA (Arizona) | Holonema sp. (238077) | |
| Middle Frasnian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) | Gyroplacosteus sp., Holonema sp., Deveonema obrucevi, Holonema radiatum (226394) | |
| Famennian | United Kingdom | Holonema sp. (238865) | |
| Famennian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Holonema rugosa (164511) |