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Holocystites (Holocystites) alternatus

Holocystitidae

Taxonomy
Caryocystites alternatum was named by Hall (1861). Its type specimen is AMNH 2020a and is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Holocystites alternatus by Hall (1864); it was recombined as Megacystis alternata by Haeckel (1896); it was recombined as Megacystis alternatus by Grabau and Shimer (1910); it was recombined as Holocystites (Holocystites) alternatus by Frest et al. (2011).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
H. faberi, H. ornatus, H. parvulus, H. perlongus, H. sphaericus, H. splendens, H. clavus, H. ovatus

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1861Caryocystites alternatum Hall p. 23
1864Holocystites alternatus Hall p. 8
1896Megacystis alternata Haeckel p. 60
1910Megacystis alternatus Grabau and Shimer p. 461
2011Holocystites (Holocystites) alternatus Frest et al. pp. 77 - 78 figs. Text-fig. 42A; Pl. 1, Figs 1-3

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
RankNameAuthor
subphylumBlastozoa
superfamilySphaeronitidaNeumayr 1889
familyHolocystitidaeMiller 1889
genusHolocystitesHall 1864
subgenusHolocystitesHall 1864
speciesalternatus(Hall 1861)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
T. J. Frest et al. 2011Holocystites (Holocystites) with elongate cylindrical theca; plates of two or three generations; gonopore in FA1; aboral projection long, tapering; basal disk small.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitep
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationarysubp
Life habit: epifaunalsubp
Diet: suspension feedersubp
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2009-09-21 12:36:39
Modified: 2009-09-21 14:36:39
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Bambach et al. 2007, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Clinton to the top of the Sheinwoodian or 440.10000 to 430.60000 Ma

Collections (14 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Clinton440.1 - 439.4USA (Indiana) Holocystites alternatus (174514)
Telychian - Sheinwoodian438.6 - 430.6USA (Indiana) Holocystites alternatus (26798 26803)
Telychian - Wenlock438.6 - 426.7USA (Indiana) Holocystites alternatus (26806)
Sheinwoodian432.9 - 430.6USA (Indiana) Holocystites alternatus (26805 230552)
Sheinwoodian432.9 - 430.6USA (Wisconsin) Holocystites alternatus (13069 13075)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7USA (Indiana) Holocystites alternatus (26700 26811)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7USA (Arkansas) Holocystites alternatus (26800)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7USA (Wisconsin) Holocystites alternatus (26808)
Wenlock - Ludlow432.9 - 422.7USA (Illinois) Holocystites alternatus (26770)
Wenlock - Silurian432.9 - 419.62USA (Wisconsin) Holocystites alternatus (13104)