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Tshallograptus fruticosus

Pterobranchia - Graptoloidea - Phyllograptidae

Taxonomy
Graptolithus fruticosus was named by Hall (1858). It is the type species of Tshallograptus.

It was recombined as Tetragraptus fruticosus by Ruedemann (1904); it was recombined as Pendeograptus fruticosus by Williams and Stevens (1988); it was recombined as Tshallograptus fruticosus by Vandenberg (2017).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1858Graptolithus fruticosus Hall p. 128
1904Tetragraptus fruticosus Ruedemann p. 649–652 figs. pl. 10, figs 4, 6.
1988Pendeograptus fruticosus Williams and Stevens p. 39–41 figs. text-figs 27G, H, J, M only
2017Tshallograptus fruticosus Vandenberg pp. 55 - 59 figs. 18I, 20–22, 25I–N

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
Ambulacraria
phylumHemichordataBateson 1885
classPterobranchiaLankester 1877
RankNameAuthor
subclassGraptolithina(Bronn 1849)
orderGraptoloideaLapworth 1875
suborderDichograptinaLapworth 1873
familyPhyllograptidae
genusTshallograptus
speciesfruticosus(Hall 1858)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
A. H. M. Vandenberg 2017Large tubarium composed of four, rarely five stipes by consecutive dichotomy, proximally pendent, then deflexed, stipe width increasing from 0.8–1.0 mm to a maximum 3.0–4.0 mm in 25 mm. Sicula 2.5–3.5 mm long, nema usually thickened. Thecae number a uniform 7 in 10 mm, inclination increasing ventrally from 10º to as much as 50º in distal parts of mature tubaria.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: "sclero-protein"c
Locomotion: passively mobileo
Life habit: planktonico
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 15:07:12
Modified: 2009-05-19 07:15:15
Source: o = order, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range: Bendigonian or 474.90000 to 473.10000 Ma

Collections (27 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Canadian486.85 - 457.3Canada (Northwest Territories) Tetragraptus fruticosus (25336)
Floian477.1 - 471.3Bolivia (Méndez) Pendeograptus fruticosus (204416)
Floian477.1 - 471.3Canada (Newfoundland) Tetragraptus fruticosus (198241 198244)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Canada (Yukon) Pendeograptus fruticosus (204010 204014 204016 204017 204021 204026)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Australia (Queensland) Tetragraptus fruticosus (197366 197367 197368 197369 197370 197371 197378 197379 197380 197381 197382 197383)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Tetragraptus fruticosus (78096)
Arenigian477.1 - 468.0Argentina (Jujuy) Tshallograptus fruticosus (220308 220318)
Bendigonian474.9 - 473.1New Zealand Tetragraptus fruticosus (63191)
Bendigonian474.9 - 473.1Australia (Queensland) Tetragraptus fruticosus (197364)