PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Spiriferina carolinae

Rhynchonellata - Spiriferinida - Spiriferinidae

Taxonomy

Spiriferina carolinae was named by Trechmann (1917). It is not extant. Its type locality is Caroline Cutting, Oreti Valley, which is in a Ladinian/Carnian marine horizon in New Zealand.

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

S. alata, S. ascendens, S. betcalcis, S. billingsi, S. chilensis, S. cristata, S. haueri, S. hirsuta, S. holtzapfeli, S. kentuckensis, S. koeveskalliensis, S. madagascariensis, S. mojsisovicsiana, S. muensteri, S. muensteri, S. munsteri, S. munsteri, S. oppeli, S. oxyptera, S. panderi, S. parvula, S. pia, S. pinguis, S. pinquis, S. rostrata, S. solidirostrus, S. subelliptica, S. sublilangense, S. subtexta, S. trigonella, S. walcoti, S. ampla, S. koeveskalliensis, S. mentzeli, S. mentzelii, S. bilotensis, S. cristata, S. salemensis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1917	Spiriferina carolinae Trechmann

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Rhynchonellata	Williams et al. 1996
order	Spiriferinida	Ivanova 1972
suborder	Spiriferinidina	Ivanova 1972
superfamily	Spiriferinoidea	(Davidson 1884)
family	Spiriferinidae	Davidson 1884
subfamily	Spiriferininae	Davidson 1884
genus	Spiriferina	d'Orbigny 1847
species	carolinae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Spiriferina carolinae Trechmann 1917

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Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitep

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yesp

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2018-11-10 18:08:52

Modified:

2018-11-10 18:08:52

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Ladinian to the top of the Carnian or 241.46400 to 227.30000 Ma

Collections (8 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Ladinian	241.464 - 237.0	New Zealand	Spiriferina carolinae (134595 134793 134799 134996 137869 137871)
Ladinian - Carnian	241.464 - 227.3	New Zealand	Spiriferina carolinae (type locality: 201945)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	New Zealand (Canterbury)	Spiriferina carolinae (101407)