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Osteostraci
Taxonomy
Osteostraci was named by Lankaster (1868).
It was reranked as the order Osteostraci by Hay (1902), Dineley and Metcalf (1999); it was synonymized subjectively with Cephalaspidiformes by Long (2011), Nelson et al. (2016); it was reranked as the class Osteostraci by Gadow (1898), van der Laan (2019).
It was assigned to Hypostomata by Gadow (1898); to Aspidoganoidei by Hay (1902); to Monorrhina by Obruchev (1964); to Agnatha by Dineley and Metcalf (1999); and to Osteostracomorphi by van der Laan (2019).
It was reranked as the order Osteostraci by Hay (1902), Dineley and Metcalf (1999); it was synonymized subjectively with Cephalaspidiformes by Long (2011), Nelson et al. (2016); it was reranked as the class Osteostraci by Gadow (1898), van der Laan (2019).
It was assigned to Hypostomata by Gadow (1898); to Aspidoganoidei by Hay (1902); to Monorrhina by Obruchev (1964); to Agnatha by Dineley and Metcalf (1999); and to Osteostracomorphi by van der Laan (2019).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1868 | Osteostraci Lankaster |
1898 | Osteostraci Gadow p. 4 |
1902 | Osteostraci Hay p. 340 |
1964 | Osteostraci Obruchev p. 106 |
1999 | Osteostraci Dineley and Metcalf p. 11 |
2019 | Osteostraci van der Laan |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cl. †Osteostraci Lankaster 1868
show all | hide all
Or. †Benneviaspidida Janvier 1996
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Superfm. †Boreaspidoidei Stensio 1958
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G. †Securiaspis Stensio 1932
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†Securiaspis caledonica White 1963
†Securiaspis kingi Stensio 1932
†Securiaspis kitchini Stensio 1932
†Securiaspis waterstoni White 1963
Or. †Benneviaspidiformes Afanassieva 1991
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Fm. †Benneviaspididae Denison 1951
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G. †Benneviaspis Stensiö 1927
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†Benneviaspis anglica Stensio 1932
†Benneviaspis holtedahli Stensio 1927
†Benneviaspis lankesteri Stensio 1932
†Benneviaspis longicornis Wangsjo 1937
†Benneviaspis polonica Belles-Isles and Janvier 1984
†Benneviaspis salopiensis White 1961
†Benneviaspis urvantsevi Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
†Benneviaspis whitei Belles-Isles and Janvier 1984
Fm. †Boreaspididae Stensio 1958
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G. †Boreaspis Stensio 1927
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†Boreaspis batoides Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis ceratops Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis intermedia Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis macrorhynchus Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis puella Wängsjö 1952
†Boreaspis rostrata Stensio 1927
†Boreaspis spinicornis Wängsjö 1952
G. †Dicranaspis Janvier 1985
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†Dicranaspis circinus Janvier 1985
†Dicranaspis curtirostris Janvier 1985
†Dicranaspis gracilis Janvier 1985
Fm. †Mimetaspididae Stensiö 1958
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G. †Mimetaspis Stensio 1958
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†Mimetaspis concordis Voichyshyn 1994
†Mimetaspis glazewskii Janvier 1985
†Mimetaspis hoeli Wängsjö 1952
Fm. †Pattenaspididae Stensiö 1958
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G. †Pattenaspis Stensio 1958
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†Pattenaspis acuminata Wängsjö 1952
†Pattenaspis bardenheueri Friman and Janvier 1986
†Pattenaspis rogalai Balabai 1962
†Pattenaspis woschmidti Friman and Janvier 1986
Or. †Cephalaspidiformes Berg 1937
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G. †Aachenaspis Egerton 1857
Subor. †Ateleaspidoidei
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Fm. †Ateleaspididae Traquair 1899
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G. †Ateleaspis Traquair 1899
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†Ateleaspis tessellata Traquair 1899
Invalid names: Aceraspis Kiaer 1911 [synonym]
G. †Hemicyclaspis Lankaster 1870
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†Hemicyclaspis murchisoni Lankester 1870
Invalid names: Hemiteleaspis Westoll 1945 [synonym]
G. †Hirella Cossmann 1920
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†Hirella denisoni Heintz 1969
†Hirella gracilis Heintz 1939
Invalid names: Micraspis Kiaer 1911 [replaced]
Invalid names: Ateleaspidinae Tranqiair 1899 [empty]
Fm. †Kalanaspididae Tinn and Märss 2018
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Subor. †Cephalaspidoidei
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Fm. †Cephalaspididae Agassiz 1844
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G. †Cephalaspis Agassiz 1835
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Subg. †Cephalaspis (Cwmaspis) White and Toombs 1983
†Cephalaspis acadica Robertson 1936
†Cephalaspis agassizi Stensio 1932
†Cephalaspis campbelltonensis Whiteaves 1881
+
Invalid names: Cephalaspis whiteavesi Traquair 1890 [synonym]
†Cephalaspis canadensis Robertson 1936
†Cephalaspis dawsoni Lankester 1870
†Cephalaspis gabrielsei Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Cephalaspis jexi Traquair 1893
†Cephalaspis laticeps Traquair 1890
†Cephalaspis lewisii Agassiz 1835
†Cephalaspis lightbodii Lankester 1870
†Cephalaspis lloydii Agassiz 1835
†Cephalaspis lyelli Agassiz 1835
†Cephalaspis murchisoni Egerton 1857
†Cephalaspis novaescotiae Denison 1955
†Cephalaspis oeselensis Robertson 1939
†Cephalaspis pagei Lankester 1870
†Cephalaspis podolica Balabai 1962
†Cephalaspis powriei Lankester 1870
†Cephalaspis rostratus Agassiz 1835
†Cephalaspis scotica White 1963
†Cephalaspis westolli Russell 1954
†Cephalaspis whitei Stensio 1932
†Cephalaspis wyomingensis Bryant 1933
Invalid names: Cephalaspidae Huxley 1861 [synonym]
Fm. †Parameteoraspididae Sansom 2009
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Subfm. †Escuminaspidinae Arsenault and Janvier 1995
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G. †Balticaspis Lyarskaya 1981
G. †Levesquaspis Arsenault and Janvier 1995
G. †Trewinia Janvier and Newman 2004
G. †Escuminaspis Traquair 1893
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†Escuminaspis laticeps Traquair 1893
Invalid names: Alaspis Orvig 1957 [synonym]
G. †Parameteoraspis Blieck et al. 1987
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†Parameteoraspis gigas Janvier 1981
†Parameteoraspis oblonga Blieck et al. 1987
Fm. †Superciliaspididae Scott and Wilson 2015
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G. †Glabrapelta Scott and Wilson 2015
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†Glabrapelta cristata Scott and Wilson 2015
†Glabrapelta minima Scott and Wilson 2015
G. †Fieldingaspis
Subor. †Scolenaspidoidei Afanassieva 1991
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Fm. †Scolenaspididae Afanassieva 1991
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G. †Ukrainaspis Sansom 2009
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†Ukrainaspis kozlowskii Zych 1937
Invalid names: Heraspis Afanassieva 1991 [replaced]
G. †Zychaspis Janvier 1985
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†Zychaspis bucovinensis Voichyshyn 2011
†Zychaspis concinna Voichyshyn 2001
†Zychaspis elegans Balabai 1962
†Zychaspis granulata Voichyshyn 2011
†Zychaspis siemiradzkii Janvier 1985
Fm. †Zenaspididae Stensio 1958
+
G. †Diademaspis Janvier 1985
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†Diademaspis jarviki Wangsjo 1952
†Diademaspis mackenziensis Adrain and Wilson 1994
†Diademaspis poplinae Janvier 1985
†Diademaspis stensioiei Afanassieva 1989
G. †Machairaspis Janvier 1985
+
†Machairaspis battaili Janvier 1985
†Machairaspis ibex Wängsjö 1952
†Machairaspis isachseni Janvier 1985
†Machairaspis serrata Scott and Wilson 2013
G. †Stensiopelta Denison 1951
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†Stensiopelta pustulata Janvier 1985
†Stensiopelta woodwardi Denison 1951
G. †Tegaspis Wängsjö 1952
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†Tegaspis kolleri Wängsjö 1952
†Tegaspis waengsjoei Belles-Isles and Janvier 1984
G. †Zenaspis Lankaster 1869
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†Zenaspis dzieduszyckii Voichyshyn 2006
†Zenaspis kasymyri Voichyshyn 2011
†Zenaspis salweyi Egerton 1857
Or. †Thyestiformes
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Fm. †Kiaeraspididae Stensio 1932
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Subfm. †Acrotomaspidinae Janvier 1981
+
G. †Nectaspis Wängsjö 1952
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†Nectaspis areolata Wängsjö 1952
†Nectaspis dellei Wängsjö 1952
†Nectaspis peltata Wängsjö 1952
Fm. †Procephalaspididae Stensiö 1958
+
Fm. †Tremataspididae Schmidt 1866
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G. †Dartmuthia Patten 1931
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†Dartmuthia gemmifera Patten 1931
†Dartmuthia procera Märss et al. 2014
Subfm. †Tremataspidinae Woodward 1891
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G. †Tremataspis Schmidt 1866
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†Tremataspis mammillata Patten 1931
†Tremataspis milleri Patten 1931
†Tremataspis obruchevi Afanassieva and Karatajute-Talimaa 1998
†Tremataspis perforata Märss et al. 2014
†Tremataspis rohoni Robertson 1939
†Tremataspis schmidti Rohon 1892
Invalid names: Aestiaspidinae Afanassieva 1996 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Witaaspididae Afanassieva 1991
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Or. †Thyestiida Janvier 1996
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G. †Auchenaspis Egerton 1857
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†Auchenaspis egertoni Lankester 1870
†Auchenaspis salteri Egerton 1857
Superfm. †Kiaeraspidoidea Afanassieva 1991
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Superfm. †Tremataspidoidea Afanassieva 1991
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Or. †Tremataspidiformes Berg 1937
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G. †Tahulaspis Märss et al. 2014
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†Tahulaspis ordinata Märss et al. 2014
†Tahulaspis praevia Märss et al. 2014
G. †Waengsjoeaspis Janvier 1985
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†Waengsjoeaspis excellens Janvier 1985
†Waengsjoeaspis nahanniensis Adrian and Wilson 1994
†Waengsjoeaspis platycornis Scott and Wilson 2012
Or. †Zenaspidida Stensio 1958
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G. †Spangenhelmaspis Sansom 2009
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†Spangenhelmaspis quadrata Wangsjo 1952
†Spangenhelmaspis staxrudi Stensio 1927
G. †Wladysagitta Voichyshyn 2006
+
†Wladysagitta janvieri Voichyshyn 2006
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Invalid names: Cephalaspis acutirostrus Stensio 1932 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Ateleaspidiformes Tarlo 1967 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004 |
Collections (135 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Silurian | United Kingdom (England) | Sclerodus pustuliferus (22721) | |
Raikkula | Estonia (Jõgeva) | Kalanaspis delectabilis (206508) | |
Telychian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Ateleaspis tesselata (188542) | |
Telychian - Sheinwoodian | United Kingdom (South Lanarkshire) | Ateleaspis tesselata (195126) | |
Sheinwoodian | United Kingdom | Ateleaspis tessellata (238429) | |
Wenlock | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Hemiteleaspis heintzi (26907) | |
Wenlock - Ludlow | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Ateleaspis sp. (26906) | |
Wenlock - Ludlow | Greenland | Osteostraci indet. (239394) | |
Homerian | Sweden | Thyestes verrucosus (179986) Thyestes verrucosus, Oeselaspis pustulata, Saaremaaspis mickwitzi, Tremataspis milleri, Meelaidaspis gennadii (179989) Tremataspis schmidti, Thyestes verrucosus (179990) Tremataspis schmidti, Thyestes verrucosus, Oeselaspis pustulata, Saaremaaspis mickwitzi, Tremataspis milleri, Meelaidaspis gennadii (179988) Tremataspis schmidti, Thyestes verrucosus, Saaremaaspis mickwitzi, Tremataspis milleri (179987) | |
Rootsikula | Norway | Ateleaspis robusta (26928) Hirella gracilis, Ateleaspis robusta (14308) Hirella sp., Ateleaspis robusta (26927) | |
Rootsikula | Estonia | Cephalaspidoformes indet. (26922) Tremataspis schmidti, Aestiaspis viitaensis, Oeselaspis pustulata, Saaremaaspis mickwitzi, Tremataspis milleri, Witaaspis schrenckii (13824) Tremataspis simonsoni, Tremataspis schmidti, Saaremaaspis mickwitzi, Witaaspis schrenckii (13823) | |
Rootsikula | Estonia (Saare) | Tremataspis schmidti, Aestiaspis viitaensis, Saaremaaspis mickwitzi, Tremataspis rohoni, Tremataspis perforata, Witaaspis patteni, Witaaspis schrenckii (206984) | |
Rootsikula | Estonia (Saaremaa Island) | Aestiaspis viitaensis, Meelaidaspis gennadii (237766) | |
Paadla | Estonia | Cephalaspidoformes indet. (26925) Tremataspis panderi, Tremataspis patteni, Tremataspis scalaris, Dartmuthia gemmifera, Oeselaspis pustulata, Procephalaspis oeselensis, Tremataspis mammillata, Tremataspis milleri, Tremataspis rohoni, Witaaspis schrenckii (13826) | |
Paadla | Estonia (Saare) | Aestiaspis viitaensis (206935) Tahulaspis praevia (239042) | |
Paadla | Estonia (Saaremaa) | Witaaspis schrenkii, Tremataspis schmidti, Dartmuthia gemmifera, Oeselaspis pustulata, Procephalaspis oeselensis, Tremataspis mammillata, Tremataspis milleri, Tremataspis rohoni, Tremataspis perforata, Dartmuthia procera (195601) | |
Ludlow | Russian Federation | Dartmuthia sp., Thyestes sp., Tremataspis sp., Osteostraci indet. (239571) | |
Ludlow | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Ateleaspis tesselata (26896) | |
Kuressaare | Estonia | Dartmuthia procera (238494) | |
Kuressaare | Estonia (Saare) | Tahulaspis ordinata (238493) | |
Pridoli | Russian Federation | Didymaspis grindrodi, Timanaspis kossovoii (239019) | |
Pridoli | United Kingdom (England) | Auchenaspis salteri, Hemicyclaspis murchisoni (26915) Thyestes sp., Auchenaspis salteri, Auchenaspis egertoni, Didymaspis grindrodi, Hemicyclaspis murchisoni (26917) | |
Pridoli | Norway | Ateleaspis sp., Tyriaspis whitei, Hirella denisoni (239059) | |
Pridoli | United Kingdom (Shropshire) | Sclerodus pustuliferus (153549) | |
Pridoli | Canada (Nunavut) | Hemicyclaspis murchisoni (90324) | |
Pridoli | United Kingdom | Cephalaspis sp., Sclerodus pustuliferus, Hemicyclaspis murchisoni (239127) Hemicyclaspis murchisoni (238359) | |
Pridoli | Lithuania | Cephalaspis sp. (207344) | |
Pridoli - Helderbergian | Russian Federation | Tuvaspis margaritae, Tannuaspis levenkoi (24785) | |
Ohesaare | Estonia (Saare) | Ohesaareaspis ponticulata (193837) | |
Early/Lower Lochkovian | United Kingdom | Cephalaspidae indet. (238794 238795) Cephalaspis sp., Stensiopelta woodwardi (238750) Cwmaspis billcrofti, Stensiopelta woodwardi (238751) Osteostraci indet., Cephalaspis sp., Scolenaspis sp. (238749) Sclerodus pustuliferus (238868) | |
Gedinnine | Germany | Pattenaspis bardenheueri, Pattenaspis woschmidti (238362) | |
Gedinnine | Ukraine | Benneviaspis polonica (236744) Tegaspis waengsjoei (236745) | |
Lochkovian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Nectaspis areolata, Parameteoraspis gigas (239913) Parameteoraspis gigas (239912) Parameteoraspis oblonga (238705) Scolenaspis signata (238869) Scolenaspis signata, Mimetaspis hoeli (238410) | |
Lochkovian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Cephalaspis sp. (14201) Cephalaspis sp., Cephalaspis novaescotiae (161378) | |
Lochkovian | USA (Wyoming) | Cephalaspis sp. (153534) | |
Lochkovian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Cephalaspis sp. (26908 155918) | |
Lochkovian | United Kingdom (England) | Benneviaspis salopiensis, Kiaeraspis sp. (90352) Cephalaspis sp. (26918) | |
Lochkovian | Ukraine | Cephalaspis sp. (26978) Diademaspis sp., Stensiopelta pustulata, Zychaspis siemiradzkii (239217 239250) Diademaspis sp., Zenaspis dzieduszyckii, Wladysagitta janvieri, Benneviaspis whitei (236555) Heraspis kozlowskii (239230) Pattenaspis rogalai (239223 239225) Stensiopelta sp., Tegaspis waengsjoei (239231) Tegaspis sp., Stensiopelta sp., Pattenaspis rogalai, Zychaspis concinna, Zychaspis siemiradzkii (239253) Ukrainaspis kozlowskii (239228 239229) Ukrainaspis kozlowskii, Diademaspis sp., Machairaspis sp., Zenaspis salweyi, Zenaspis dzieduszyckii, Zenaspis podolica, Wladysagitta janvieri, Mimetaspis concordis, Pattenaspis rogalai, Stensiopelta pustulata, Zenaspis kasymyri, Zychaspis concinna, Zychaspis siemiradzkii, Mimetaspis glazewskii (239251) Zenaspis dzieduszyckii (236556) Zenaspis podolica (239221) | |
Lochkovian | United Kingdom (Herefordshire) | Cephalaspis sp. (201736) | |
Lochkovian | Norway | Cephalaspis sp. (237817) Cephalaspis sp., Benneviaspis sp., Mimetaspis sp., Hoelaspis angulata, Kiaeraspis auchenaspidoides (237823) Cephalaspis sp., Machairaspis sp. (237814) Cephalaspis sp., Pattenaspis sp. (237815) Cephalaspis sp., Pattenaspis sp., Machairaspis sp., Waengsjoeaspis excellens, Pattenaspis acuminata (237818) Spangenhelmaspis quadrata (238937) Spangenhelmaspis staxrudi (237824) Spangenhelmaspis staxrudi, Tegaspis kolleri (237821) Tegaspis sp., Cephalaspis sp., Mimetaspis sp., Securiaspis sp., Zenaspis sp., Scolenaspis sp., Parameteoraspis sp., Hoelaspis angulata, Benneviaspis holtedahli, Kiaeraspis auchenaspidoides (237826) Waengsjoeaspis sp., Cephalaspis sp., Machairaspis sp., Hoelaspis angulata, Benneviaspis longicornis, Machairaspis ibex (237822) Waengsjoeaspis sp., Cephalaspis sp., Pattenaspis sp., Machairaspis sp., Ectinaspis heintzi, Pattenaspis acuminata (237816) | |
Lochkovian | Greenland | Osteostraci indet. (239395) | |
Lochkovian | United Kingdom | Cephalaspis salweyi, Cephalaspis agassizi, Benneviaspis anglica, Benneviaspis lankesteri (238037) Securiaspis kingi, Benneviaspis anglica (238038) Stensiopelta woodwardi (239007) | |
Lochkovian | Canada (Nunavut) | Cephalaspis sp. (90322 238034 238128) Hemicyclaspis murchisoni (237784) | |
Lochkovian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Waengsjoeaspis nahanniensis, Glabrapelta cristata, Glabrapelta minima, Dentapelta loefflerae, Superciliaspis gabrielsei, Diademaspis mackenziensis, Machairaspis serrata (237813) | |
Lochkovian - Pragian | Ukraine | Cephalaspis kozlowskii (23447) Stensiopelta sp. (239241) | |
Lochkovian - Early/Lower Emsian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Cephalaspis sp., Cephalaspis gabrielsei (237829) | |
Early/Lower Devonian | United Kingdom | Cephalaspis lyelli (238045 238872) | |
Lochkovian - Eifelian | Ukraine (Ivano-Frankivsk) | Pattenaspis rogalai (237770) | |
Lochkovian - Eifelian | Ukraine (Ternopil) | Pattenaspis rogalai (237771) Ukrainaspis kozlowskii, Diademaspis sp., Zenaspis salweyi, Wladysagitta janvieri, Benneviaspis whitei, Mimetaspis concordis, Stensiopelta pustulata, Zychaspis granulata, Zychaspis siemiradzkii (237769) | |
Pragian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Nectaspis areolata, Dicranaspis curtirostris, Dicranaspis gracilis, Spatulaspis robusta (239129) Nectaspis areolata, Spatulaspis costata (238092) Nectaspis areolata, Spatulaspis costata, Dicranaspis curtirostris (238091) Nectaspis dellei, Gustavaspis trinodis (238353) | |
Pragian | Ukraine | Auchenaspis sp., Cephalaspis bucovinensis (90348) Stensiopelta pustulata, Zychaspis siemiradzkii, Mimetaspis glazewskii (239249) Zenaspis podolica, Pattenaspis rogalai, Stensiopelta pustulata, Zychaspis elegans (239247) | |
Pragian | United Kingdom | Securiaspis kitchini, Cephalaspis whitei, Cephalaspis agassizi (238870) Securiaspis waterstoni, Cephalaspis scotica, Securiaspis caledonica (238871) | |
Pragian | Russian Federation | Tauraspis rara, Hapilaspis apheles, Severaspis rostralis, Benneviaspis urvantsevi (90331) | |
Pragian - Emsian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Acrotomaspis instabilis (233179) Acrotomaspis instabilis, Nectaspis peltata, Boreaspis macrorhynchus, Dicranaspis circinus, Dicranaspis gracilis, Spatulaspis robusta (237853) Axinaspis whitei, Nectaspis peltata, Boreaspis macrorhynchus, Boreaspis puella, Boreaspis intermedia, Dicranaspis circinus, Spatulaspis robusta (237852) Diademaspis jarviki, Axinaspis whitei, Boreaspis batoides, Boreaspis macrorhynchus, Boreaspis puella, Boreaspis ceratops, Boreaspis intermedia, Machairaspis isachseni, Spatulaspis costata, Belonaspis minuta, Belonaspis puella, Boreaspis rostrata (237851) Machairaspis battaili (238499) Norselaspis glacialis (238095) | |
Early/Lower Emsian | Russian Federation | Ilemoraspis kirkinskayae (238400) | |
Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | Hildenaspis digitalis (238361) | |
Emsian | USA (Utah) | Camptaspis utahensis (233171) | |
Emsian | Russian Federation | Dobraspis uralensis (238088) | |
Emsian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Cephalaspis canadensis, Cephalaspis jexi, Yvonaspis campbelltonensis (161373) Cephalaspis sp. (161372) | |
Emsian | USA (Wyoming) | Cephalaspis wyomingense (26176) | |
Emsian | Canada (Quebec) | Cephalaspis dawsoni (161376) Cephalaspis westolli (161379) | |
Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian | Latvia | Balticaspis latvica (226510) | |
Eifelian | Russian Federation | Aestiaspis viitaensis (90332) | |
Givetian | Russian Federation | Ilemoraspis kirkinskayae (238396) | |
Givetian | United Kingdom | Trewinia magnifica (238517) | |
Frasnian | Canada (Quebec) | Alaspis rosamundae, Levesquaspis patteni, Escuminaspis laticeps (179176) |