PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cyonosaurus

Osteichthyes - Gorgonopidae

Taxonomy

Cyonosaurus was named by Olson (1937). It is not extant. Its type is Cyonosaurus longiceps.

It was assigned to Gorgonopsidae by Carroll (1988); and to Gorgonopsinae by Sigogneau-Russell (1989).

Species

Cyniscopoides broomi, C. kitchingi (syn. Alopecorhynchus rubidgei), C. longiceps (syn. Cyniscops longiceps) (type species), C. rubidgei, Nanogorgon gracilis

Synonyms

Nanogorgon was named by Broom and Robinson (1948).

It was synonymized subjectively with Cyonosaurus by Sigogneau-Russell (1989).
Nanogorgon gracilis was named by Broom and Robinson (1948). Its type specimen is BP/1/3, a skull (Almost complete and very small skull with the lower jaw and a few cervical vertebrae), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Blaauwpoort, Murraysburg, Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial siliciclastic in South Africa.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Sigogneau-Russell (1989).
Cyniscopoides broomi was named by Brink and Kitching (1953). Its type specimen is BP/1/251, a skull (Somewhat incomplete skull and mandible), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Waterval (Dicynodon Assemblage Zone), which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial siliciclastic in South Africa. It is the type species of Cyniscopoides.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Sigogneau-Russell (1989).
Alopecorhynchus was named by Brink and Kitching (1953). Its type is Alopecorhynchus rubidgei.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cyonosaurus by Sigogneau-Russell (1989).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1937	Cyonosaurus Olson
1948	Nanogorgon Broom and Robinson p. 398 figs. 3-4
1948	Nanogorgon gracilis Broom and Robinson p. 398 figs. 3-4
1953	Alopecorhynchus Brink and Kitching p. 8
1953	Cyniscopoides broomi Brink and Kitching p. 16
1988	Cyonosaurus Carroll
1989	Cyonosaurus Sigogneau-Russell

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
suborder	Gorgonopsia
family	Gorgonopidae	(Lydekker 1890)
subfamily	Gorgonopsinae	Sigogneau-Russell 1970
genus	Cyonosaurus	Olson 1937

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Cyonosaurus Olson 1937

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†Cyonosaurus kitchingi Broom 1948

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Invalid names: Alopecorhynchus rubidgei Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym]

†Cyonosaurus longiceps Olson 1937

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Invalid names: Cyniscops longiceps Broom 1941 [synonym]

†Cyonosaurus rubidgei Broom 1947

Invalid names: Alopecorhynchus Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym], Cyniscopoides broomi Brink and Kitching 1953 [nomen dubium], Nanogorgon Broom and Robinson 1948 [synonym], Nanogorgon gracilis Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:34:07

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:34:07

Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Kiessling 2004, Benton 1983, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Changhsingian or 259.51000 to 251.90200 Ma

Collections (20 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Wuchiapingian	259.51 - 254.14	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Alopecorhynchus rubidgei (176308) Cyniscops kitchingi (178740) Cyniscops longiceps (178743) C. longiceps (174622)
Wuchiapingian	259.51 - 254.14	South Africa (Western Cape)	C. longiceps (178742 178744 178805)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.51 - 251.902	South Africa (Western Cape)	C. kitchingi (80176) C. longiceps (174623) C. rubidgei (89859) Nanogorgon gracilis (178802)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.51 - 251.902	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Cyniscopoides broomi (174735) Cyniscops rubidgei (80226) C. kitchingi (174663 176312 180724) C. longiceps (177563 177601) C. longiceps, C. kitchingi (80216)
Changhsingian	254.14 - 251.902	South Africa (Western Cape)	C. kitchingi (80223)