PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Astrodapsis arnoldi

Echinoidea - Clypeasteroida - Echinarachniidae

Taxonomy

Astrodapsis arnoldi was named by Clark and Twitchell (1915).

Subspecies

A. arnoldi, A. crassus, A. fresnoensis, Astrodapsis depressus

Sister species

A. depressus

Synonyms

Astrodapsis arnoldi crassus was named by Kew (1920). Its type specimen is UCMP 11350 and is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Astrodapsis crassus by Grant and Hertlein (1938); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Astrodapsis arnoldi by Hall (1962).
Astrodapsis arnoldi depressus was named by Kew (1920). Its type specimen is UCMP 11038 and is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Astrodapsis depressus by Grant and Hertlein (1938); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Astrodapsis arnoldi by Hall (1962).
Astrodapsis major was named by Kew (1920). Its type specimen is UCMP 11003 and 11337 (cotypes) and is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Astrodapsis arnoldi by Hall (1962).
Astrodapsis arnoldi fresnoensis was named by Kew (1920). Its type specimen is UCMP 11032, a test, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Astrodapsis fresnoensis by Grant and Hertlein (1938); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Astrodapsis arnoldi by Hall (1962).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1915	Astrodapsis arnoldi Clark and Twitchell p. 199 figs. Plate XCV, Fig. 1
1920	Astrodapsis arnoldi Kew p. 83
1920	Astrodapsis arnoldi crassus Kew pp. 85 - 86 figs. Plate 23, figure 1; plate 24, figures 1a, 1b, 1c
1920	Astrodapsis arnoldi depressus Kew p. 85 figs. Plate 23, figures 2a, 2b, 2c
1920	Astrodapsis arnoldi fresnoensis Kew p. 87 figs. Plate 23, figures 3a, 3b, 3c
1920	Astrodapsis major Kew pp. 102 - 103 figs. Plate 15, figures 1a, 1b, 1c
1938	Astrodapsis crassus Grant and Hertlein p. 71
1938	Astrodapsis depressus Grant and Hertlein p. 72
1938	Astrodapsis fresnoensis Grant and Hertlein p. 73
1938	Astrodapsis major Grant and Hertlein p. 74
1962	Astrodapsis arnoldi Hall, Jr. p. 77 figs. Pi. 37, figs. 1, la, 2, 3, 3a, 4; pi. 38, figs. 1-8; pi. 39, figs. 1-6

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata
subphylum	Eleutherozoa
—	Echinozoa	()
class	Echinoidea	()
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
superorder	Acroechinoidea	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Carinacea
—	Irregularia	()
—	Microstomata
—	Neognathostomata
order	Clypeasteroida
suborder	Scutellina	()
infraorder	Scutelliformes
family	Echinarachniidae
genus	Astrodapsis	Conrad 1856
species	arnoldi

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Astrodapsis arnoldi Clark and Twitchell 1915

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Invalid names: Astrodapsis arnoldi crassus Kew 1920 [invalid subgroup], Astrodapsis arnoldi fresnoensis Kew 1920 [invalid subgroup], Astrodapsis depressus Kew 1920 [invalid subgroup], Astrodapsis major Kew 1920 [synonym]

†Astrodapsis arnoldi arnoldi Pack 1909

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Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calcitec

Ontogeny:

accretion, addition of partsp

Environment:

marinep

Locomotion:

slow-movingo

Life habit:

semi-infaunalo

Diet:

detritivoreo

Vision:

limitedc

Dispersal:

waterp

Dispersal 2:

planktonicp

Created:

2004-02-28 18:19:59

Modified:

2009-10-08 15:05:22

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum

References: Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Serravallian to the top of the Early/Lower Pliocene or 13.82000 to 3.60000 Ma

Collections (7 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (California)	Astrodapsis arnoldi (195300)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.63	USA (California)	Astrodapsis arnoldi (37542 37544)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	USA (California)	Astrodapsis arnoldi (194803 195038) Astrodapsis crassus (194799)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	USA (California)	Astrodapsis major (203545)