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Hemiaster (heart urchin)

Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Hemiasteridae

Discussion

The genus Hemiaster is extant only because its subgenus Holanthus is extant, according to WoRMS and Treatise.

Taxonomy
Hemiaster was named by Agassiz and Desor (1847) [Sepkoski's age data: K Apti-l R]. It is extant. Its type is Spatangus bufo.

It was assigned to Spatangidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Kew (1920); to Schizasteridae by Cooke (1942); to Hemiasteroidae by Donovan (1993); to Spatangoida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Hemiasteridae by Grant and Hertlein (1938), Fischer (1966), Henderson (1975), Kier (1984), McNamara (1987), Smith (1991), Ragaini (1994), Smith (1995), Berndt (2003), Parma and Casadío (2005).

Species
H. (Bolbaster), H. (Gregoryaster), H. (Hemiaster), H. (Holanthus), H. (Integraster), H. (Leymeriaster), H. (Trachyaster), H. aequisgranensis, H. alamedensis, H. amelianus, H. antillensis, H. arcolensis, H. arcticus, H. atavus, H. beecheri, H. bufo, H. californicus, H. calvini, H. cholamensis, H. comanchei, H. delawarensis, H. dewalquei, H. elegans, H. globulosus, H. gonzalezmunozi, H. hattaensis, H. humphreysanus, H. kuemmeli, H. moscovensis, H. orbignyi, H. oregonensis, H. parastatus, H. paronai, H. proclivus, H. regulusanus, H. sabinal, H. scutiger, H. sibiricus, H. stella (syn. H. rutoti, H. punctatus, H. incrassatus, H. (Integraster) garumnicus, H. hawkinsi, H. madagascariensis, Trachyaster spissus, H. garumnicus, H. tamulicus), H. texanus (syn. H. americanus), H. ungula, H. welleri, H. wetherbyi (syn. H. benhurensis, H. lacunosus, H. bexari), H. zululandensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
H. aquisgranensis, H. calvani, H. faurai, H. frontacutus, H. gabrielis, H. newtoni, H. newtoni, H. ricordeaui

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1847Hemiaster Agassiz and Desor p. 16
1907Hemiaster kuemmeli Clark
1915Hemiaster Clark and Twitchell p. 88
1915Hemiaster kuemmeli Clark and Twitchell p. 97
1920Hemiaster Kew p. 144
1938Hemiaster Grant and Hertlein p. 116
1942Hemiaster Cooke p. 43
1949Hemiaster (Integraster) globulosus Sanchez Roig
1966Hemiaster Fischer p. U557
1975Hemiaster Henderson p. 29
1976Hemiaster sibiricus Shmidt figs. Pl 1, fig 6
1984Hemiaster Kier p. 16
1987Hemiaster McNamara p. 336
1991Hemiaster Smith p. 52
1993Hemiaster Donovan p. 101
1994Hemiaster Ragaini p. 289
1995Hemiaster Smith p. 232
2002Hemiaster Sepkoski
2003Hemiaster Berndt p. 84
2005Hemiaster Parma and Casadío p. 1080

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
RankNameAuthor
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Irregularia()
—Atelostomata
orderSpatangoida
familyHemiasteridae
genusHemiaster

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Hemiaster Agassiz and Desor 1847 [heart urchin]
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Subg. †Hemiaster (Gregoryaster) Lambert 1907
Subg. †Hemiaster (Hemiaster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924 [heart urchin]
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Subg. Hemiaster (Holanthus) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Integraster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Leymeriaster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Trachyaster) Pomel 1869
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†Hemiaster (Trachyaster) decipiens Duncan and Sladen 1883
†Hemiaster (Trachyaster) herrarae Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1926
Invalid names: Hemiaster (Trachyaster) minutus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum]
†Hemiaster aequisgranensis Schluter 1899
†Hemiaster amelianus Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster antillensis Cotteau 1881
†Hemiaster arcolensis Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster arcticus Shmidt 1976
†Hemiaster atavus Cotteau 1883
†Hemiaster beecheri Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemiaster bufo Brongniart 1822
†Hemiaster californicus Clark 1891
†Hemiaster calvini Clark 1893
†Hemiaster comanchei Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemiaster delawarensis Clark 1916
†Hemiaster dewalquei Cotteau 1881
†Hemiaster elegans Shumard 1853
†Hemiaster gonzalezmunozi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Hemiaster humphreysanus Meek and Hayden 1856
†Hemiaster moscovensis Cooke 1959
†Hemiaster orbignyi Desor 1858
†Hemiaster parastatus Morton 1833
†Hemiaster paronai Checchia-Rispoli 1921
†Hemiaster proclivus Cotteau et al. 1878
†Hemiaster regulusanus d'Orbigny 1854
†Hemiaster sabinal Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster scutiger Sharpe 1849
†Hemiaster stella Morton 1830
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Invalid names: Hemiaster (Integraster) garumnicus Lambert 1924 [synonym], Hemiaster garumnicus Lambert 1936 [synonym], Hemiaster hawkinsi Lambert 1933 [synonym], Hemiaster incrassatus Clark 1891 [synonym], Hemiaster madagascariensis Cottreau 1922 [synonym], Hemiaster punctatus dOrbigny 1856 [synonym], Hemiaster rutoti Lambert 1911 [synonym], Hemiaster tamulicus Kossmat 1897 [synonym], Trachyaster spissus Lambert 1924 [synonym]
†Hemiaster texanus Roemer 1849
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Invalid names: Hemiaster americanus Giebel 1853 [synonym]
†Hemiaster ungula Morton 1833
†Hemiaster welleri Clark 1907
†Hemiaster wetherbyi de Loriol 1887
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Invalid names: Hemiaster benhurensis Stephenson 1941 [synonym], Hemiaster bexari Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Hemiaster lacunosus Slocom 1909 [synonym]
†Hemiaster zululandensis Besairie and Lambert 1930
Invalid names: Hemiaster globulosus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Hemiaster kuemmeli Clark 1907 [nomen dubium], Hemiaster sibiricus Shmidt 1976 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calciteo
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: slow-movingo
Life habit: shallow infaunalo
Diet: deposit feedero
Diet 2: detritivoreo
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2004-02-28 12:18:10
Modified: 2009-10-08 16:32:56
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Aptian to the top of the Zanclean or 119.57000 to 3.60000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 113.2 Ma

Collections (332 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Egypt Hemiaster sp. (151613)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1France Hemiaster minimus (56521 58123 58938)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1USA (Texas) Hemiaster comanchei (203435)
Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian113.2 - 106.3France Hemiaster minimus (56668 56845)
Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian113.2 - 106.3Switzerland Hemiaster minimus (58112)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Greenland Hemiaster sp. (160920)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Antarctica Hemiaster sp., Hemiaster zululandensis (216880) Hemiaster zululandensis (216875 216876 216881 216885 216886 216887)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Madagascar (Mahajanga) Hemiaster zululandensis (86497)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Madagascar Hemiaster phrynus (98248) Hemiaster ricordeaui, Hemiaster frontacutus (98245) Hemiaster sp. (98264)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza) Hemiaster calvani (88629 88631 88634 88636 88679) Hemiaster calvani, Hemiaster bexari (88677) Hemiaster calvani, Hemiaster sp. (88630) Hemiaster calvani, Hemiaster whitei (88635) Hemiaster whitei (88637)
Early/Lower Albian - Late/Upper Albian113.2 - 100.5France Hemiaster minimus (57922 58861)
Middle Albian110.1 - 106.3France Hemiaster minimus (38036 56540 58422 58933)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5USA (Texas) Hemiaster bexari (187292) Hemiaster whitei (123264)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5South Africa Hemiaster sp. (66008)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Madagascar (Mahajanga) Hemiaster zululandensis (98220)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Mozambique Hemiaster zululandensis (174811 174827)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5France Hemiaster minimus (56523 56552 56669 56678 56848 58125 58359 58363 58431 58527)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Spain (Alicante) Hemiaster minimus (38035)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Brazil Hemiaster proclivus (195791)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Spain Hemiaster bufo (3824) Hemiaster minimus, Hemiaster bufo (3823) Hemiaster sp., Hemiaster bufo (3829)