PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Pericosmus

Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Paleopneustidae

Taxonomy

Pericosmus was named by Agassiz (1847) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 2]. It is extant. Its type is Pericosmus latus. It is the type genus of Pericosmidae.

It was assigned to Echinoidea by Durham (1961); to Paleopneustidae by Henderson (1975), Kier (1984); to Pericosmidae by Fischer (1966), Ragaini (1994); and to Spatangoida by Sepkoski (2002).

Species

P. (Pericosmus), P. (Victoriaster), P. aguayoi (syn. Mauritanaster marroquinensis, Mauritanaster depressus, P. giganteus), P. altus, P. annosus, P. artemisae, P. atolladosae (syn. P. rojasi), P. blanquizalensis, P. borraeus, P. camagueyanus, P. crawfordi (syn. P. mccoyi, Meoma brevipatalata, Linthia compressus), P. cubanus, P. israelskyi, P. latus (type species), P. mortenseni, P. roigi, P. scaevus, P. valenzuelai, P. zanolettii

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. magnificus, P. spatangoides

Synonyms

Megalaster was named by Duncan (1877).

It was synonymized subjectively with Pericosmus by Henderson (1975).
Pericosmus cubanus was named by Palmer (1949).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Kier (1984).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1847	Pericosmus Agassiz
1877	Megalaster Duncan p. 422
1949	Pericosmus cubanus Palmer
1961	Pericosmus Durham p. 481
1966	Pericosmus Fischer p. U568
1975	Pericosmus Henderson p. 54
1984	Pericosmus Kier p. 20
1994	Pericosmus Ragaini p. 289
2002	Pericosmus Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata
subphylum	Eleutherozoa
—	Echinozoa	()
class	Echinoidea	()
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860

Rank	Name	Author
superorder	Acroechinoidea	()
—	Carinacea
—	Irregularia	()
—	Atelostomata
order	Spatangoida
suborder	Paleopneustina
superfamily	Paleopneustidea
family	Paleopneustidae
genus	Pericosmus	Agassiz 1847

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Pericosmus Agassiz 1847

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Subg. Pericosmus (Pericosmus) Fischer 1966

Subg. †Pericosmus (Victoriaster) Lambert 1920

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†Victoriaster lamberti Sanchez Roig 1923

†Pericosmus aguayoi Sanchez Roig 1949

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Invalid names: Mauritanaster depressus Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Mauritanaster marroquinensis Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym], Pericosmus giganteus Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym]

†Pericosmus altus Hutton 1873

†Pericosmus annosus Henderson 1975

†Pericosmus artemisae Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Pericosmus atolladosae Sanchez Roig 1951

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Invalid names: Pericosmus rojasi Sanchez Roig 1951 [synonym]

†Pericosmus blanquizalensis Sanchez Roig 1952

†Pericosmus borraeus Henderson 1975

†Pericosmus camagueyanus Sanchez Roig 1949

†Pericosmus crawfordi Hutton 1873

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Invalid names: Linthia compressus Duncan 1877 [synonym], Meoma brevipatalata Hutton 1873 [synonym], Pericosmus mccoyi Gregory 1890 [synonym]

†Pericosmus israelskyi Durham 1961

Pericosmus latus Agassiz 1847

†Pericosmus mortenseni Sanchez Roig 1952

†Pericosmus roigi Lambert 1921

†Pericosmus scaevus Henderson 1975

†Pericosmus valenzuelai Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Pericosmus zanolettii Sanchez-Roig 1953

Invalid names: Megalaster Duncan 1877 [synonym], Pericosmus cubanus Palmer 1949 [nomen nudum]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calciteo

Ontogeny:

accretion, addition of partsp

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

slow-movingo

Life habit:

shallow infaunalo

Diet:

deposit feedero

Diet 2:

detritivoreo

Vision:

limitedc

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2004-02-28 12:18:10

Modified:

2009-10-08 16:32:56

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum

References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Late/Upper Miocene or 66.00000 to 5.33300 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma

Collections (29 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	USA (California)	P. sp. (37389)
Kaiatan - Runangan	39.1 - 34.6	New Zealand	P. annosus (155833)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Cuba	P. zanolettii (155876)
Whaingaroan	34.6 - 27.3	New Zealand	P. crawfordi (155813 155815)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	Japan (Nagasaki)	P. spatangoides (204451)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Australia (Victoria)	P. compressus (176279)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Cuba	Victoriaster lamberti (91130)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	New Zealand (Dannevirke)	P. crawfordi (35651)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene	23.04 - 11.63	Italy	P. capellinii (96235 96236)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene	23.04 - 11.63	Cuba	P. roigi (91155) P. valenzuelai, P. artemisae (155875)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	Costa Rica	P. israelskyi (92098)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	Indonesia	P. granulosus (81717)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	Japan (Miyagi)	P. magnificus (204452)
Otaian	21.7 - 18.7	New Zealand	P. crawfordi (204195)
Otaian - Altonian	21.7 - 15.9	New Zealand	P. sp. (204254)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Egypt	P. latus (47996)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.45 - 13.82	Italy (Sardinia)	P. sp. (187431)
Altonian	18.7 - 15.9	New Zealand	P. crawfordi (155838 155839) P. scaevus (155841)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Australia (South Australia)	P. compressus (88322)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Austria	P. sp. (55394)
Lillburnian	15.1 - 13.05	New Zealand	P. crawfordi (155792 155793)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Indonesia	P. granulosus, P. altus (70099) P. granulosus, P. asperulatus (70098)