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Entolium
Taxonomy
Amussium (Entolium) was named by Meek (1865) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Anis K Maes-u Sepkoski's reference number: 524,790,1066]. Its type is Entolium demissus.
It was reranked as Pecten (Entolium) by Waagen (1907), Frech (1912), Smith (1927); it was reranked as Entolium by Hayami (1975), Vokes (1980), Yamani (1983), Kelly (1984), Sepkoski (2002), Scholz et al. (2008), Bouchet et al. (2010), Ros-Franch et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Amussium by Meek (1865); to Pecten by Waagen (1907), Frech (1912), Smith (1927); to Pectinidae by Kelly (1984); to Pterioida by Sepkoski (2002); to Entoliinae by Yamani (1983), Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Entoliidae by Hayami (1975), Vokes (1980), Scholz et al. (2008), Ros-Franch et al. (2014).
It was reranked as Pecten (Entolium) by Waagen (1907), Frech (1912), Smith (1927); it was reranked as Entolium by Hayami (1975), Vokes (1980), Yamani (1983), Kelly (1984), Sepkoski (2002), Scholz et al. (2008), Bouchet et al. (2010), Ros-Franch et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Amussium by Meek (1865); to Pecten by Waagen (1907), Frech (1912), Smith (1927); to Pectinidae by Kelly (1984); to Pterioida by Sepkoski (2002); to Entoliinae by Yamani (1983), Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Entoliidae by Hayami (1975), Vokes (1980), Scholz et al. (2008), Ros-Franch et al. (2014).
Subtaxa
Amussium (Entolium) aurarium, E. (Costentolium), E. (Cteniopleurium), E. (Entolium), E. amerinum, E. callosum, E. costatum, E. demissus (type species), E. discites, E. equabile, E. fossatum, E. irenense, E. kellneri, E. kolymaense, E. lunare, E. mapuche, E. meeki, E. membranaceum (syn. Pecten plemonectes, Pecten pleuronectes, Pecten latus, Pecten fragilis), E. microtis, E. minor, E. oebergi, E. orbiculare (syn. Pecten darius, Pecten calypso, Pecten losseriensis, Pecten neptuni, Pecten laminosus, Pecten germanicus, Pecten (Amusium) balticus, Pecten (Entolium) nilssoni, Pecten (Entolium) balticus, Syncyclonema sublaminosa, Amusium sulcatellum, Pecten (Entolium) membranaceus, Pecten (Syncyclonema) orbicularis, Pecten (Amusium) orbicularis, Pecten sublaminosus, Chlamys suborbicularis), E. piriformis, E. qinghaiense, E. reticulatum, E. solidum, E. subdemissum, E. utukokense, Pecten (Entolium) ceruleus, Pecten (Entolium) decoratiformis, Pecten (Entolium) lavaredanus, Pecten (Entolium) pittensis, Pecten (Entolium) yukonensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
E. argentinum, E. cainalloi, E. calvum, E. contemptibile, E. corneaolum, E. disciformis, E. hallense, E. kolyaense, E. liasianum, E. liscaviensis, E. mongqiongense, E. nicoleti, E. obovatum, E. orbicularis, E. partitum, E. pseudodiscites, E. quotidianum, E. saccoi, E. spathulatus, E. spedeni, E. subdemissus, E. undiferum, Pecten quotidianus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1865 | Amussium (Entolium) Meek |
| 1907 | Pecten (Entolium) Waagen |
| 1912 | Pecten (Entolium) Frech |
| 1927 | Pecten (Entolium) Smith p. 121 |
| 1975 | Entolium Hayami |
| 1980 | Entolium Vokes p. 49 |
| 1983 | Entolium Yamani |
| 1984 | Entolium Kelly p. 76 |
| 2002 | Entolium Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Amerinumopecten Kasum-Zadeh |
| 2008 | Entolium Scholz et al. |
| 2010 | Entolium Bouchet et al. |
| 2014 | Entolium Ros-Franch et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Entolium Meek 1865
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†Amussium (Entolium) aurarium Meek 1865
Subg. †Entolium (Costentolium) Freneix 1980
Subg. †Entolium (Cteniopleurium) Feldtmann 1951
Subg. †Entolium (Entolium) Meek 1865
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†Entolium (Entolium) corneolum Young and Bird 1828
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Invalid names: Entolium semlini Crickmay 1930 [synonym]
†Entolium (Entolium) cornutum Quenstedt 1858
†Entolium (Entolium) disciforme Schubler 1833
†Entolium amerinum Sirna 1968
†Entolium callosum Lundgren 1895
†Entolium costatum Hyatt 1892
†Entolium demissus Phillips 1835
†Entolium discites Schlotheim 1820
†Entolium equabile Hyatt in Dawson 1895
†Entolium fossatum Marwick 1953
†Entolium irenense McLearn 1933
†Entolium kellneri Kittl 1903
†Entolium kolymaense Kiparisova 1947
†Entolium lunare Roemer 1839
†Entolium mapuche Damborenea 2002
†Entolium meeki Hyatt 1892
†Entolium membranaceum Nilsson 1827
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Invalid names: Pecten fragilis Defrance 1825 [synonym], Pecten latus Hagenow 1842 [synonym], Pecten plemonectes Faujas 1799 [synonym], Pecten pleuronectes Faujas 1799 [synonym]
†Entolium microtis Bittner 1899
†Entolium minor Chen 1976
†Entolium oebergi Lundgren 1883
†Entolium orbiculare Sowerby 1817
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Invalid names: Amusium sulcatellum Stoliczka 1871 [synonym], Chlamys suborbicularis Cayeux 1958 [synonym], Pecten (Amusium) balticus Dames 1874 [synonym], Pecten (Amusium) orbicularis Sowerby 1874 [synonym], Pecten (Entolium) balticus Dames 1885 [synonym], Pecten (Entolium) membranaceus Wanderer 1909 [synonym], Pecten (Entolium) nilssoni Wanderer 1909 [synonym], Pecten (Syncyclonema) orbicularis Sowerby 1902 [synonym], Pecten calypso Orbigny 1850 [synonym], Pecten darius Orbigny 1882 [synonym], Pecten germanicus Wollemann 1900 [synonym], Pecten laminosus Mantell 1822 [synonym], Pecten losseriensis Vogel 1900 [synonym], Pecten neptuni Orbigny 1850 [synonym], Pecten sublaminosus Favre 1869 [synonym], Syncyclonema sublaminosa Favre 1869 [synonym]
†Entolium piriformis Liu 1976
†Entolium qinghaiense Lu 1981
†Entolium reticulatum Friesenbichler et al. 2019
†Entolium solidum Roemer 1836
†Entolium subdemissum Muenster 1841
†Entolium utukokense Imlay 1961
†Pecten (Entolium) ceruleus Smith 1927
†Pecten (Entolium) decoratiformis Krumbeck 1924
†Pecten (Entolium) lavaredanus Frech 1912
†Pecten (Entolium) pittensis Smith 1927
†Pecten (Entolium) yukonensis Smith 1927
Invalid names: Amerinumopecten Kasum-Zadeh 2003 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 14 | 28.6 | 7.04 | 48.0 | 34.0 | 12.2 | |
| valve height | 13 | 9.95 | 0.672 | 32.0 | 11.4 | 10.5 |
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| Source: subg = subgenus, f = family, o = order | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Capitanian to the top of the Pliocene or 264.28000 to 2.58000 Ma
Collections (1303 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capitanian | Malaysia | E. sp. (42734) | |
| Capitanian | China (Guangdong) | Pernopecten piriformis (113865) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Qinghai) | Pernopecten piriformis (112859 112861) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Hubei) | Pernopecten piriformis (123593) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Guangdong) | Pernopecten piriformis (123591) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Jiangxi) | Pernopecten piriformis (102114 102115) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Fujian) | E. piriformis (121403 121406 121427) | |
| Changhsingian | Hungary | E. piriformis (82283) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guizhou) | E. piriformis (121007) Pernopecten piriformis (111980 112097) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Yunnan) | E. piriformis (108196) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Maastrichtian | Argentina | E. mahuidaensis (1347) E. molestus (1371) | |
| Maastrichtian | Kazakhstan | E. membranaceum (1343) | |
| Maastrichtian | Bulgaria | E. membranaceum (1332) | |
| Maastrichtian | Madagascar | E. sulcatellus (1322) | |
| Maastrichtian | Mozambique | E. membranaceum (1376) | |
| Maastrichtian | Ukraine | E. membranaceum (1334) | |
| Maastrichtian | India | E. membranaceum, E. sulcatellus (1351) | |
| Maastrichtian | Netherlands | E. membranaceum (1326) | |
| Maastrichtian | Russian Federation | E. membranaceum (1388) | |
| Pliocene | Papua New Guinea | Pecten pleuronectes (78263) | |