PBDB Taxon

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Macrospondylus bollensis

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Geosaurus bollensis was named by Cuvier (1824). Its type specimen is SNSD uncatalogued and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Boll, near Göppingen, which is in a Toarcian marine horizon in the Posidonia Shale Formation of Germany.

It was recombined as Mystriosaurus bollensis by Cuvier (1824) and Perrier (1928); it was synonymized subjectively with Mosasaurus bavaricus by Holl (1829); it was recombined as Macrospondylus bollensis by Von Meyer (1831); it was recombined as Teleosaurus bollensis by Quenstedt (1882); it was recombined as Steneosaurus bollensis by Dollo (1909), Westphal (1961), Westphal (1962), Walkden et al. (1987), Pierce et al. (2009), Nascimento and Zaher (2011) and Bronzati et al. (2012).

Synonyms

Crocodilus cylindrirostris was named by Krüger (1825).

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Crocodilus altorfinus was named by Holl (1831).

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961).
Engyommasaurus brongniarti was named by Kaup (1834).

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961).
Mystriosaurus egertoni was named by Kaup (1841). Its type specimen is Hessian Landesmuseum Darmstadt and in the collection of the Castle Bayreuth, a set of postcrania (bones and osteoderms of one individual), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is South-Germany, Berg bei Neumarkt, which is in a Toarcian marine siliciclastic in Germany.

It was recombined as Teleosaurus egertoni by Pictet (1853); it was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus mandelslohi was named by Bronn (1841). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Ohmden (Mandelsloh collection), which is in a Toarcian marine shale in the Posidonia Shale Formation of Germany.

It was recombined as Teleosaurus mandelslohi by Pictet (1853); it was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus schmidti was named by Bronn (1841). Its type specimen is Lost specimen, a partial skeleton (collection of pieces from the back of skull, spine, and the front of the forelimb), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Region of Boll, near Göppingen, which is in a Toarcian marine horizon in the Posidonia Shale Formation of Germany.

It was recombined as Teleosaurus schmidti by Pictet (1853); it was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus tiedmanni was named by Bronn (1841). Its type specimen is Teylers Museum, Haarlem 2743, a skeleton (almost complete skeleton), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Boll, near Göppingen, Teyler Museum collection, which is in a Toarcian marine horizon in the Posidonia Shale Formation of Germany.

It was recombined as Teleosaurus tiedemanni by Pictet (1853); it was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus longipes was named by Bronn (1841). Its type specimen is Teylers Museum, Haarlem 2742, a skeleton (fairly complete skeleton), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Boll, near Göppingen, Teyler Museum collection, which is in a Toarcian marine horizon in the Posidonia Shale Formation of Germany.

It was recombined as Teleosaurus longipes by Pictet (1853); it was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus canalifer was named by Munster (1843). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Posidonien-Schiefer, Holzmaden, 'Lias epsilon', which is in a Toarcian offshore horizon in the Posidonia Shale Formation of Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus franconicus was named by Munster (1843). Its type specimen is Munich Museum specimen, a set of postcrania (A skull fragment, 13 thoracic vertebrae, some ribs and osteoderms), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Mistelgau, Lias epsilon, which is in a Toarcian marine horizon in the Posidonia Shale Formation of Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus speciosus was named by Munster (1843). Its type specimen is destroyed specimen from the Münster collection of the Munich Museum, a maxilla (4 associated fragments of a maxilla), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is South-Germany, Berg bei Neumarkt, which is in a Toarcian marine siliciclastic in Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus tenuirostris was named by Munster (1843). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is South-Germany, Berg bei Neumarkt, which is in a Toarcian marine siliciclastic in Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus senkenbergianus was named by Meyer (1844). Its type specimen is Now AMNH 5138 (since 1911); originally in the Senckenberg-Museum, a skeleton (Almost complete skeleton), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Boll, near Göppingen, Senckenberg-Museum (Frankfurt) collection, which is in a Toarcian marine horizon in the Posidonia Shale Formation of Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus murkii was named by Theodori (1844). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Near Banz Monastery, Trimeusel, Mains River, which is in a Toarcian marine horizon in Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Macrospondylus jaegeri was named by Gibbel (1847).

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus muensteri was named by Gibbel (1847). Its type specimen is Originally in the Munich Museum, destroyed in 1944, a skeleton (almost complete skeleton), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Posidonien-Schiefer, Holzmaden, 'Lias epsilon', which is in a Toarcian offshore horizon in the Posidonia Shale Formation of Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus macrolepidotus was named by Wagner (1850). Its type specimen is Destroyed with the Munich collection, a partial skeleton (A lower jaw pieces, a rear skull fragment, 7 cervical, 9 vertebrae, cervical and thoracic ribs. Parts of the forelimb. Armor plates, probably everything. From a), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Ludwigs Canal, near Berg, which is in a Toarcian marine horizon in Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus munsteri was named by Wagner (1850).

It was recombined as Teleosaurus munsteri by Pictet (1853); it was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961).
Teleosaurus minimus was named by Quenstedt (1852). Its type specimen is BMNH 37991, a partial skeleton (A skull, femur and osteoderms), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Ohmden, Würtemberg (BMNH coll), which is in a Toarcian marine siliciclastic in Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).
Mystriosaurus stukelyi was named by Winkler (1878).

It was synonymized subjectively with Steneosaurus bollensis by Westphal (1961) and Westphal (1962).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1824	Geosaurus bollensis Cuvier p. 73 figs. pls 10-11
1824	Mystriosaurus bollensis Cuvier p. 73 figs. pls 10-11
1825	Crocodilus cylindrirostris Krüger
1828	Geosaurus bollensis Jaeger
1831	Crocodilus altorfinus Holl p. 85
1831	Macrospondylus bollensis Von Meyer
1834	Engyommasaurus brongniarti Kaup
1841	Mystriosaurus longipes Bronn
1841	Mystriosaurus mandelslohi Bronn
1841	Mystriosaurus schmidti Bronn
1841	Mystriosaurus tiedmanni Bronn
1841	Mystriosaurus egertoni Kaup
1843	Mystriosaurus canalifer Munster
1843	Mystriosaurus franconicus Munster
1843	Mystriosaurus speciosus Munster
1843	Mystriosaurus tenuirostris Munster
1844	Mystriosaurus senkenbergianus Meyer
1844	Mystriosaurus murkii Theodori
1847	Macrospondylus jaegeri Gibbel
1847	Mystriosaurus muensteri Gibbel
1850	Mystriosaurus macrolepidotus Wagner
1850	Mystriosaurus munsteri Wagner
1852	Teleosaurus minimus Quenstedt
1853	Teleosaurus egertoni Pictet p. 485
1853	Teleosaurus longipes Pictet p. 485
1853	Teleosaurus mandelslohi Pictet p. 485
1853	Teleosaurus schmidti Pictet p. 485
1853	Teleosaurus tiedemanni Pictet p. 485
1853	Teleosaurus minimus Pictet p. 486
1853	Teleosaurus munsteri Pictet p. 486
1878	Mystriosaurus stukelyi Winkler
1882	Teleosaurus bollensis Quenstedt p. 161
1882	Teleosaurus minimus Quenstedt p. 162
1909	Steneosaurus bollensis Dollo p. 100
1928	Mystriosaurus bollensis Perrier p. 3089
1961	Steneosaurus bollensis Westphal p. 208
1962	Steneosaurus bollensis Westphal p. 29 figs. 2-5, 10-19
1987	Steneosaurus bollensis Walkden et al.
2009	Steneosaurus bollensis Pierce et al. pp. 1085-1086
2011	Steneosaurus bollensis Nascimento and Zaher
2012	Steneosaurus bollensis Bronzati et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida

Rank	Name	Author
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
—	Pseudosuchia	(Zittel 1890)
—	Suchia	Krebs 1974
—	Paracrocodylomorpha
—	Loricata	(Merrem 1820)
—	Crocodylomorpha	()
infraorder	Thalattosuchia	()
genus	Macrospondylus	Munster 1834
species	bollensis	(Cuvier 1824)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Macrospondylus bollensis Cuvier 1824

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Invalid names: Crocodilus altorfinus Holl 1831 [synonym], Crocodilus cylindrirostris Krüger 1825 [synonym], Engyommasaurus brongniarti Kaup 1834 [synonym], Macrospondylus jaegeri Gibbel 1847 [synonym], Mystriosaurus canalifer Munster 1843 [synonym], Mystriosaurus egertoni Kaup 1841 [synonym], Mystriosaurus franconicus Munster 1843 [synonym], Mystriosaurus longipes Bronn 1841 [synonym], Mystriosaurus macrolepidotus Wagner 1850 [synonym], Mystriosaurus mandelslohi Bronn 1841 [synonym], Mystriosaurus muensteri Gibbel 1847 [synonym], Mystriosaurus munsteri Wagner 1850 [synonym], Mystriosaurus murkii Theodori 1844 [synonym], Mystriosaurus schmidti Bronn 1841 [synonym], Mystriosaurus senkenbergianus Meyer 1844 [synonym], Mystriosaurus speciosus Munster 1843 [synonym], Mystriosaurus stukelyi Winkler 1878 [synonym], Mystriosaurus tenuirostris Munster 1843 [synonym], Mystriosaurus tiedmanni Bronn 1841 [synonym], Teleosaurus minimus Quenstedt 1852 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
S. E. Pierce et al. 2009	Steneosaurus bollensis is a long-snouted teleosaurid characterized by large, flat skull; long, narrow rostrum that gradually broadens posteriorly; lacrimal and postorbital separated by jugal; small, slit-like antorbital fenestra; small, elliptical orbit; large, longitudinally expanded supratemporal fenestra; ornamentation present on frontal, prefrontals, postorbitals, squamosals and parietal; diastema present between premaxillary and maxillary suture; 24–35 teeth on maxilla; 26–34 teeth on dentary; teeth apically recurved with pointed apex and tooth enamel with very fine vertical striations and a single smooth carina running down posterior edge.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatitesubo

Environment:

marinesubo

Locomotion:

actively mobilesubo

Life habit:

nektonicsubo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Created:

2009-07-23 01:12:29

Modified:

2009-07-23 03:12:29

Source: subo = suborder

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Toarcian to the top of the Late/Upper Toarcian or 182.70000 to 175.60000 Ma

Collections (21 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Jurassic	201.4 - 174.7	Germany (Lower Franconia)	Steneosaurus bollensis (132863)
Early/Lower Jurassic	201.4 - 174.7	Germany (Albvorland)	Steneosaurus bollensis (132860)
Early/Lower Toarcian	183.0 - 182.0	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Mystriosaurus schmidti (132855) Steneosaurus bollensis (132853)
Early/Lower Toarcian	183.0 - 182.0	Germany (Baden-Würtemberg)	Mystriosaurus canalifer, Mystriosaurus muensteri (132857)
Early/Lower Toarcian	183.0 - 182.0	Germany (Bavaria)	Mystriosaurus franconicus (132862)
Early/Lower Toarcian	183.0 - 182.0	Germany (Würtemberg)	Mystriosaurus senkenbergianus (132858) Mystriosaurus tiedmanni, Mystriosaurus longipes (132856) Steneosaurus bollensis (type locality: 132852)
Early/Lower Toarcian	183.0 - 182.0	Germany (Baden-Württenburg)	Mystriosaurus mandelslohi (132854) Steneosaurus bollensis (91659 132864)
Early/Lower Toarcian	183.0 - 182.0	Germany (Bayern)	Steneosaurus bollensis (28506)
Falciferum	183.0 - 182.0	United Kingdom (Yorkshire)	Steneosaurus bollensis (154228)
Falciferum	183.0 - 182.0	Luxembourg	Steneosaurus bollensis (105427 106696)
Falciferum - Bifrons	183.0 - 175.6	United Kingdom (England)	Steneosaurus bollensis (90459)
Toarcian	182.7 - 174.1	Germany (Nördliche Frankenalb)	Steneosaurus bollensis, Mystriosaurus murkii (132859)
Toarcian	182.7 - 174.1	Germany	Teleosaurus minimus (131924)
Late/Upper Toarcian	180.1 - 175.6	Germany	Mystriosaurus egertoni, Mystriosaurus speciosus, Mystriosaurus tenuirostris (38639) Mystriosaurus macrolepidotus (132866)