PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Actinolepididae

Placodermi - Actinolepidiformes - Actinolepididae

Taxonomy

Actinolepidae was named by Gross (1940).

It was corrected as Actinolepididae by van der Laan (2019).

It was assigned to Actinolepina by Denison (1975), Denison (1978), Denison (1984); to Arthrodira by Dineley and Metcalfe (1999); and to Actinolepidiformes by van der Laan (2019).

Subtaxa

Actinolepis, Aethaspis, Ailuracantha, Aleosteus, Anarthraspis, Baringaspis, Bollandaspis, Bryantolepis, Heightingtonaspis, Lataspis, Lehmanosteus, Proaethaspis, Sigaspis, Simblaspis, Stuertzaspis, Szelepis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1940	Actinolepidae Gross
1975	Actinolepidae Denison p. 23
1978	Actinolepidae Denison
1984	Actinolepidae Denison p. 396
1999	Actinolepidae Dineley and Metcalfe
2019	Actinolepididae van der Laan p. 30

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata

Rank	Name	Author
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Placodermi	M'Coy 1848
—	Arthrodira	(Woodward 1891)
order	Actinolepidiformes
family	Actinolepididae	(Gross 1940)
family	Actinolepididae	(Gross 1940)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Actinolepididae Gross 1940

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G. †Actinolepis Agassiz 1845

†Actinolepis magna Mark-Kurik 1973

†Actinolepis spinosa Mark-Kurik 1985

†Actinolepis tuberculata Agassiz 1845

†Actinolepis zaikai Plax and Newman 2020

G. †Aethaspis Denison 1958

†Aethaspis major Denison 1958

†Aethaspis utahensis Denison 1958

G. †Ailuracantha White 1969

†Ailuracantha dorsifelis White 1969

G. †Aleosteus Johnson et al. 2000

†Aleosteus eganensis Johnson et al. 2000

G. †Anarthraspis Bryant 1934

†Anarthraspis chamberlini Bryant 1932

†Anarthraspis montanus Bryant and Ruedemann 1934

G. †Baringaspis Miles 1973

†Baringaspis dineleyi Miles 1973

G. †Bollandaspis Schmidt 1976

†Bollandaspis woschmidti Schmidt 1976

G. †Bryantolepis Denison 1958

†Bryantolepis brachycephala Bryant 1932

†Bryantolepis cristata Bryant 1934

†Bryantolepis williamsi Elliott and Carr 2010

G. †Heightingtonaspis White 1969

†Heightingtonaspis anglica Traquair 1890

†Heightingtonaspis clarkei Eastman 1907

†Heightingtonaspis willsi White 1961

G. †Lataspis Strand 1932

†Lataspis brevicornis Heintz 1929

†Lataspis rotundicomis Heintz 1929

G. †Lehmanosteus Goujet 1984

†Lehmanosteus hyperboreus Goujet 1984

G. †Proaethaspis Denison 1978

†Proaethaspis ohioensis Denison 1960

G. †Sigaspis Goujet 1973

†Sigaspis lepidophora Goujet 1973

G. †Simblaspis Denison 1958

†Simblaspis cachensis Denison 1958

G. †Stuertzaspis Westoll and Miles 1963

†Stuertzaspis germanica Traquair 1903

G. †Szelepis Liu 1979

†Szelepis yunnanensis Liu 1979

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubp

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Created:

2004-08-17 14:23:32

Modified:

2004-08-17 16:33:26

Source: o = order, subp = subphylum

Reference: Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Lochkovian to the top of the Late/Upper Givetian or 419.62000 to 382.31000 Ma

Collections (37 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Lochkovian	419.62 - 413.02	China (Yunnan)	Szelepis yunnanensis (162781)
Lochkovian	419.62 - 413.02	Canada (Nunavut)	Baringaspis dineleyi (238034 238035 238128)
Lochkovian	419.62 - 413.02	USA (Maine)	Heightingtonaspis clarkei (238354)
Lochkovian	419.62 - 413.02	United Kingdom (England)	Heightingtonaspis anglica, Heightingtonaspis willsi (90352)
Lochkovian	419.62 - 413.02	USA (Wyoming)	Aethaspis sp., Simblaspis sp. (153534)
Lochkovian - Pragian	419.62 - 410.62	USA (Ohio)	Aethaspis sp., Proaethaspis ohioensis (26874)
Early/Lower Devonian	419.62 - 393.47	Belarus (Vitebsk)	Actinolepis zaikai (232499)
Pragian	413.02 - 410.62	China	Szelepis sp. (238849)
Pragian - Emsian	413.02 - 393.47	Latvia	Actinolepis spinosa (237762)
Pragian - Emsian	413.02 - 393.47	Norway	Sigaspis lepidophora (233178)
Pragian - Emsian	413.02 - 393.47	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	Lehmanosteus hyperboreus (233179)
Early/Lower Emsian	410.62 - 399.5	Germany (Gemuenden)	Stuertzaspis germanica (26903)
Early/Lower Emsian	410.62 - 399.5	Germany	Stuertzaspis germanica (26904)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	New Zealand	Actinolepis sp. (40525)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	USA (Utah)	Aethaspis major, Aethaspis utahensis, Bryantolepis sp., Simblaspis cachensis (233171) Bryantolepis williamsi (233157)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	USA (Wyoming)	Bryantolepis cristatus, Bryantolepis major, Bryantolepis obscurus, Anarthraspis chamberlini, Anarthraspis montanus, Bryantolepis brachycephala (26176)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	Belarus (Gormel)	Actinolepis zaikai (232955 232956)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	Belgium	Bollandaspis woschmidti (238039)
Late/Upper Emsian	399.5 - 393.47	USA (Nevada)	Aleosteus eganensis (237780)
Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian	399.5 - 387.95	Latvia	Actinolepis sp. (226510)
Eifelian	393.47 - 387.95	Latvia	Actinolepis tuberculata (225795 225796 225797)
Eifelian	393.47 - 387.95	Belarus (Vitebsk)	Actinolepis sp. (232874)
Eifelian	393.47 - 387.95	Estonia	Actinolepis tuberculata (225791 225793)
Eifelian	393.47 - 387.95	Belarus	Actinolepididae indet. (225853)
Early/Lower Givetian	387.95 - 385.9	Latvia	Actinolepis tuberculata (225802 225850)
Early/Lower Givetian	387.95 - 385.9	Estonia	Actinolepis magna (225851) Actinolepis tuberculata (225803 225804)
Late/Upper Givetian	383.4 - 382.31	Estonia	Actinolepis magna (225778)