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Triacanthidae
Taxonomy
Triacanthidae was named by Bleeker (1859). It is extant. Its type is Cryptobalistes.
It was assigned to Sclerodermi by Jordan (1963); to Balistoidei by Tyler and Santini (2002); to Triacanthoidea by Tyler and Sorbini (1996), Santini and Tyler (2003); to Tetraodontiformes by Carnevale et al. (2014), Nelson et al. (2016); and to Triacanthoidei by Betancur et al. (2013), Bannikov (2014), van der Laan (2019).
It was assigned to Sclerodermi by Jordan (1963); to Balistoidei by Tyler and Santini (2002); to Triacanthoidea by Tyler and Sorbini (1996), Santini and Tyler (2003); to Tetraodontiformes by Carnevale et al. (2014), Nelson et al. (2016); and to Triacanthoidei by Betancur et al. (2013), Bannikov (2014), van der Laan (2019).
Subtaxa
Cryptobalistes (type genus), Cryptobalistinae, Protacanthodes, Protacanthodinae, Triacanthinae, Triacanthus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1859 | Triacanthidae Bleeker |
| 1963 | Triacanthidae Jordan p. 739 |
| 1968 | Cryptobalistinae Tyler |
| 1968 | Protacanthodinae Tyler |
| 1996 | Protacanthodinae Tyler and Sorbini p. 36 |
| 1996 | Triacanthidae Tyler and Sorbini p. 36 |
| 2002 | Protacanthodinae Tyler and Santini p. 53 |
| 2002 | Triacanthidae Tyler and Santini p. 53 |
| 2003 | Protacanthodinae Santini and Tyler p. 603 |
| 2003 | Triacanthidae Santini and Tyler p. 603 |
| 2013 | Triacanthidae Betancur et al. |
| 2014 | Triacanthidae Bannikov p. 30 |
| 2014 | Triacanthidae Carnevale et al. p. 45 |
| 2016 | Triacanthidae Nelson et al. p. 520 |
| 2019 | Triacanthidae van der Laan p. 83 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Triacanthidae Bleeker 1859
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G. †Cryptobalistes Tyler 1968
G. †Protacanthodes Gill 1888
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†Protacanthodes nimesensis Tyler and Santini 2001
†Protacanthodes omboni de Zigno 1887
†Protacanthodes ombonii de Zigno 1887
G. Triacanthus Oken 1817
Invalid names: Cryptobalistinae Tyler 1968 [invalid subgroup], Protacanthodinae Tyler 1968 [invalid subgroup], Triacanthinae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: Ypresian or 56.00000 to 48.07000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Collections (2 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ypresian | Italy | Protacanthodes ombonii, Protacanthodes nimesensis (55239 94830) |