PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cavolinia

Gastropoda - Opisthobranchiata - Cavoliniidae

Taxonomy

Cavolinia was named by Avilgaard (1791) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-l-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 2,83]. It is extant. Its type is Monoculus telemus.

It was corrected as Cavolina by Grant and IV and Gale (1931).

It was assigned to Cavolinidae by Woodring (1928); to Cliidae by Grant and IV and Gale (1931); to Cavoliniinae by Zorn (1997), Beesley (1998); to Cavoliniidae by Todd (2001); and to Thecosomata by Sepkoski (2002).

Species

Cavolina pycna, Cavolina regulae, Cavolina telemus, Cavolina tuomeyi, C. aquensis, C. bituminata, C. grandis (syn. C. rattonei), C. gypsorum, C. marginata (syn. Cavolina limatula, C. vendryesiana, Hyala marginata), C. mexicana (syn. C. globulosa), C. tridentata, C. uncinata, C. ventricosa

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. audeninoi, C. floridana, C. gibbosa, C. gibbosa, C. inflexa, C. landani, C. longirostris, C. pycna, C. quadridentata, C. regulae, C. xenica, C. zamboninii

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1791	Cavolinia Avilgaard pp. 174, 175
1928	Cavolinia Woodring p. 112
1931	Cavolina Grant, IV and Gale p. 440
1997	Cavolinia Zorn p. 35
1998	Cavolinia Beesley p. 982
2001	Cavolinia Todd
2002	Cavolina Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda
order	Opisthobranchiata	(Milne-Edwards 1848)
order	Thecosomata	Blainville 1823
family	Cavoliniidae	d'Orbigny 1842
genus	Cavolinia	Avilgaard 1791

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Cavolinia Avilgaard 1791

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†Cavolina pycna Jung 1971

†Cavolina regulae Jung 1971

Cavolina telemus Linnaeus 1758

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Cavolina telemus tricuspida Rivers 1904

Invalid names: Cavolina occidentalis Dall 1908 [synonym]

Cavolina tuomeyi Holmes 1858

†Cavolinia aquensis Grateloup 1827

†Cavolinia bituminata Beets 1953

†Cavolinia grandis Bellardi 1873

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Invalid names: Cavolinia rattonei Simonelli 1896 [synonym]

†Cavolinia gypsorum Bellardi 1873

†Cavolinia marginata Bronn 1962

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Invalid names: Cavolina limatula Beets 1943 [synonym], Cavolinia vendryesiana Ujihara 1996 [synonym], Hyala marginata Bronn 1964 [synonym]

†Cavolinia mexicana Collins 1934

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Invalid names: Cavolinia globulosa Rang 1934 [synonym]

†Cavolinia tridentata Niebuhr 1775

Cavolinia uncinata dOrbigny 1835 [uncinate cavoline]

†Cavolinia ventricosa Guppy 1882

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

nektonicf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 07:42:46

Modified:

2009-09-10 09:42:46

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oligocene to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 27.30000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.04 Ma

Collections (66 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Panama	C. xenica (42569 42571)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Grenada	C. pycna (58648 58649 58652) C. pycna, C. regulae (58643 58654) C. pycna, C. regulae, C. vendryesiana (58640) C. regulae (58642 58644 58656)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	France	C. zamboninii (74867)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Panama	C. ventricosa (93222)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Dominican Republic	C. gibbosa (58817) C. gypsorum (131369 131512) C. gypsorum, C. mexicana (99852) C. mexicana (90618 131380 131381)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Panama (Colon)	Cavolina triaspis (145345)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Dominican Republic	C. gypsorum, C. mexicana (131374) C. mexicana (93732 131387)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Italy (Piedmont)	C. gypsorum (113998)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Greece	C. gypsorum (76986)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Panama (Colon)	C. sp. (79855)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Greece (Rhodes)	C. gibbosa (122994)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Japan (Shizuoka)	C. tridentata (179928)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Panama (Bocas del Toro)	C. sp. (79982)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	C. tridentata (93691 93715 181403)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Portugal	C. grandis, C. marginata (152328)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Indonesia (Sulawesi Tenggara)	C. vendryesiana, C. bituminata, C. mexicana (109175)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Haiti	C. sp. (60896 66815)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Jamaica	C. tridentata, C. vendryesiana, C. ventricosa (34539)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Jamaica	Cavolina ventricosa, Cavolina digitata, Cavolina telemus, C. vendryesiana (58522) C. tridentata (69092) C. tridentata, C. vendryesiana, C. ventricosa (69091) C. vendryesiana, C. ventricosa (69094)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Costa Rica (Limon)	C. sp. (79843)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Panama (Bocas)	C. sp. (61336 61337 79772 79794 79988 79989 79999 135876 135885)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Spain	C. floridana, C. landani, C. tridentata, C. vendryesiana (80559) C. floridana, C. landani, C. vendryesiana (80558) C. vendryesiana (80563)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Panama (Bocas del Toro)	C. sp. (61339 61340 79998)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Dominican Republic	C. tridentata (93612)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Costa Rica (Limon)	C. sp. (79990)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	Costa Rica (Limon)	C. sp. (79835 79842)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Cavolina telemus (59063) C. uncinata (200653)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Japan	C. longirostris, C. inflexa, C. quadridentata, C. tridentata, C. globulosa (88886)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Taiwan (Miaoli)	C. gibbosa, C. tridentata, C. globulosa (276152)