PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Paradrillia

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Horaiclavidae

Taxonomy

Paradrillia was named by Makiyama (1940) [m. kosnik taxon no: 8279]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Turriculinae by Wilson (1994); and to Horaiclavidae by Bouchet et al. (2011).

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. boehmi, P. ermelingi, P. inconstans, P. kakegawaensis, P. serana

Synonyms

Clavatula (Alticlavatula) was named by MacNeil (1960). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Paradrillia by Bouchet et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Clavatula by MacNeil (1960).
Vexitomina was named by Powell (1942) [m. kosnik taxon no: 8280].

It was synonymized subjectively with Paradrillia by Bouchet et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Turriculinae by Wilson (1994).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1940	Paradrillia Makiyama
1942	Vexitomina Powell
1960	Clavatula (Alticlavatula) MacNeil pp. 109-110
1994	Paradrillia Wilson p. 188
1994	Vexitomina Wilson p. 189
2011	Paradrillia Bouchet et al. p. 296

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Horaiclavidae
genus	Paradrillia	Makiyama 1940

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Paradrillia Makiyama 1940

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Invalid names: Alticlavatula MacNeil 1960 [synonym], Vexitomina Powell 1942 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilesuperf

Life habit:

epifaunalsuperf

Diet:

carnivoresuperf

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:08:14

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:08:14

Source: superf = superfamily, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Middle Eocene to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 48.07000 to 0.01170 Ma

Collections (8 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	Indonesia	P. boehmi (70082)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	India	P. serana (72084)
Altonian	18.7 - 15.9	New Zealand	Vexitomina sp. (67897)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Indonesia	P. ermelingi (70085)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Japan (Okinawa)	Clavatula kakegawensis (42229)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Fiji	P. kakegawaensis (94832)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Philippines (Panay)	P. inconstans (41651)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Japan	P. inconstans (97961)