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Plicatulidae
Taxonomy
Plicatulidae was named by Watson (1930) [m. kosnik taxon no: 5101]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Pectinacea by Newell (1965), Adegoke (1977), Vokes (1980), Dockery (1982), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Squires (1987) and Moore (1987); to Dimyoidea by Todd (2001); to Ostreoida by Scholz et al. (2008); and to Plicatuloidea by Casadío et al. (2005), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Nevesskaja (2009), Bouchet et al. (2010), Carter et al. (2011) and Ros-Franch et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Pectinacea by Newell (1965), Adegoke (1977), Vokes (1980), Dockery (1982), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Squires (1987) and Moore (1987); to Dimyoidea by Todd (2001); to Ostreoida by Scholz et al. (2008); and to Plicatuloidea by Casadío et al. (2005), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Nevesskaja (2009), Bouchet et al. (2010), Carter et al. (2011) and Ros-Franch et al. (2014).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1930 | Plicatulidae Watson |
| 1965 | Plicatulidae Newell p. 17 |
| 1977 | Plicatulidae Adegoke p. 232 |
| 1980 | Plicatulidae Vokes p. 57 |
| 1982 | Plicatulidae Dockery p. 49 |
| 1987 | Plicatulidae Moore p. C5 |
| 1987 | Plicatulidae Squires p. 57 |
| 1987 | Plicatulidae Ward and Blackwelder p. 129 |
| 2001 | Plicatulidae Todd |
| 2005 | Plicatulidae Casadío et al. p. 514 |
| 2006 | Plicatulidae Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 230 |
| 2008 | Plicatulidae Scholz et al. |
| 2009 | Plicatulidae Nevesskaja |
| 2010 | Plicatulidae Bouchet et al. |
| 2011 | Plicatulidae Carter et al. p. 10 |
| 2014 | Plicatulidae Ros-Franch et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Plicatulidae Watson 1930
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G. †Diploschiza Conrad 1866
G. †Harpax Parkinson 1811
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†Harpax kolymica Polubotko 1966
†Harpax parkinsoni Bronn 1824
†Harpax rapa Bayle and Coquand 1851
†Harpax simplex Milova 1976
G. Plicatula Lamarck 1801
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Subg. †Plicatula (Darteplicatula)
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†Plicatula (Darteplicatula) gorodiskii Adegoke 1977
†Plicatula (Darteplicatula) sessilis Stoliczka 1871
Invalid names: Plicatula (Trichiplicatula) Chiplonkar and Tapaswi 1975 [synonym]
Subg. †Plicatula (Eoplicatula) Carter 1990
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†Eoplicatula difficilis Healey 1908
†Eoplicatula parvadehensis Hautmann 2001
†Plicatula (Eoplicatula) imago Bittner 1895
Subg. †Plicatula (Harpax) Parkinson 1811
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†Plicatula (Harpax) auricula Eudes-Deslongchamps 1858
†Plicatula (Harpax) spinosa Sowerby 1819
Subg. Plicatula (Plicatula) Lamarck 1801
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†Plicatula (Plicatula) auressensis Coquand 1862
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Invalid names: Plicatula rugulosa von Koenen 1897 [synonym]
†Plicatula (Plicatula) ferryi Coquand 1862
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Invalid names: Plicatula batnensis Coquand 1880 [synonym]
†Plicatula (Plicatula) fourneli Coquand 1862
Plicatula (Plicatula) penicillata Carpenter 1857
†Plicatula ferryi desjardinsi Coquand 1872
†Plicatula allisoni Squires and Saul 1997
†Plicatula archiaci Stoppani 1865
†Plicatula azulensis Imlay 1940
†Plicatula barnensis Stoppani 1865
†Plicatula carinata Healey 1908
†Plicatula cedroensis Maury 1936
†Plicatula cochlear Stefanini 1939
†Plicatula cossmanni Cossmann 1887
†Plicatula costaeirregularis Adegoke 1977
Plicatula cristata Lamarck 1819
†Plicatula cyclostroides Traub 1938
†Plicatula decipiens Coquand 1862
†Plicatula densata Conrad 1843
Plicatula dubia Hanley 1847
†Plicatula filamentosa Conrad 1833
†Plicatula filifera Bittner 1895
†Plicatula flabellifera Maury 1924
†Plicatula flattersi Coquand 1862
†Plicatula georgiana Fritzsche 1919
Plicatula gibbosa Lamarck 1801
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Invalid names: Plicatula guppyi Woodring 1925 [synonym], Plicatula marginata Say 1824 [synonym], Plicatula vexillata Guppy 1873 [synonym]
†Plicatula hekiensis Nakazawa 1955
†Plicatula hettangiensis Terquem 1857
†Plicatula hirsuta Coquand 1880
†Plicatula hunterae Shaak and Nicol 1974
†Plicatula ibo Reyment 1955
†Plicatula instabilis Stoliczka 1871
†Plicatula intuscrenata Cossmann 1887
†Plicatula juncalensis Squires 1987
†Plicatula lapidicina Squires and Saul 1998
†Plicatula leucensis Stoppani 1865
†Plicatula locardi Thomas and Peron 1890
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Invalid names: Plicatula multiplicata von Koenen 1897 [synonym]
†Plicatula menkeana Finlay 1927
†Plicatula modjeskaensis Squires and Saul 1997
†Plicatula multicostata Forbes 1846
†Plicatula papiracea Stoppani 1865
†Plicatula parahybensis Maury 1930
†Plicatula perimbricata Gabb 1870
†Plicatula phymatophora Cossmann 1887
†Plicatula placunea Lamarck 1819
†Plicatula plexicosta Bittner 1895
†Plicatula plicata Linnaeus 1758
†Plicatula polymorpha Bellardi 1854
†Plicatula pulchra Imlay 1940
†Plicatula quayensis Kues 1997
†Plicatula quinqueplicata Martin 1883
†Plicatula rapa Bayle and Coquand 1851
†Plicatula rostrata Martin 1883
†Plicatula selandica Schnetler 2001
†Plicatula septemcostata Forbes 1846
†Plicatula simiensis Squires and Saul 1998
†Plicatula solea Laube 1865
†Plicatula spinosa Sowerby 1819
†Plicatula surensis Squires and Saul 1997
†Plicatula tetrica Conrad 1860
†Plicatula torreonensis Imlay 1940
†Plicatula trailerensis Squires and Saul 1998
†Plicatula umbonata Imlay 1940
†Plicatula variplicata Dockery 1982
†Plicatula ventilabrum Coquand 1880
†Plicatula youngi Chapman 1922
†Plicatula yueliangpingensis Chen 1976
Invalid names: Plicatula densata democraciana Hodson and Hodson 1927 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Pseudoplacunopsis Bittner 1895
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†Pseudoplacunopsis affixa Bittner 1895
†Pseudoplacunopsis alpina Winkler 1859
†Pseudoplacunopsis ogilviae Bittner 1895
†Pseudoplacunopsis placentoides Trechmann 1917
G. †Saintiopsis
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Holocene or 251.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Collections (1384 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Olenekian | USA (California) | Plicatula n. sp. (109758) | |
| Pelsonian - Illyrian | China (Guizhou) | Plicatula sp., Pseudoplacunopsis sp. (31619 31623) Pseudoplacunopsis sp. (31612 31613 31614 31615 31616 31617 31618 31620 31621 31622 31624 31625 31626 31629 31630 31631 31632) | |
| Middle Triassic | Italy | Plicatula plexicosta (202326) | |
| Middle Triassic | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Plicatula imago (206736) | |
| Ladinian | USA (Nevada) | Pseudoplacunopsis sp. (230956) | |
| Ladinian | Spain (Cuenca) | Pseudoplacunopsis sp. (195711) | |
| Longobardian | Italy | Pseudoplacunopsis ogilviae (236003 236004 236005) | |
| Carnian | USA (Nevada) | Plicatula sp. (32520) | |
| Carnian | Italy | Plicatula sp. (170920) | |
| Carnian | New Zealand | Pseudoplacunopsis placentoides (201932) | |
| Carnian | Japan (Fukui) | Plicatula hekiensis (39564 40119) | |
| Carnian | Malaysia (Pahang) | Plicatula carinata (206587) | |
| Carnian - Norian | Japan (Yamaguchi) | Plicatula hekiensis (40179) | |
| Julian | Italy | Plicatula imago, Plicatula plexicosta (38164) Plicatula ogilviae (138262) Plicatula sp. (50959 69656 69660 69668 69681) Plicatula sp., Plicatula affixa (202422) Plicatula sp., Plicatula imago (69661) Plicatula sp., Plicatula imago, Plicatula filifera (34692) Plicatula sp., Pseudoplacunopsis affixa (69664) Pseudoplacunopsis affixa, Plicatula plexicosta (144634) | |
| Norian | USA (Alaska) | Plicatula perimbricata (101051) | |
| Norian | Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray) | Plicatula kolymica (98283) | |
| Norian | Iran | Pseudoplacunopsis asymmetrica, Eoplicatula parvadehensis (41519) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | Iran | Pseudoplacunopsis asymmetrica, Eoplicatula parvadehensis (66938) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | USA (Nevada) | Eoplicatula sp. (210694) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | Chile (Antofagasta) | Plicatula sp. (98590) | |