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Lepisosteidae
Taxonomy
Lepisosteidae was named by Cuvier (1825). It is extant. Its type is Lepisosteus.
It was reranked as the suborder Lepisosteidae by Huxley (1861); it was misspelled as Lepidosteidae by Woodward (1895), Hay (1902), Lambe (1908), Gardiner (1960), Jordan (1963), Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Cione (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Bryant (1989), Normark et al. (1991), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999), Cavin and Brito (2001), Purdy et al. (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Previtera and González Riga (2008), Friedman et al. (2010), Grande (2010), López-Arbarello (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Agnolín et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Ganoidei by Huxley (1861); to Aetheospondyli by Woodward (1895), Lambe (1908); to Semionotoidea by Gardiner (1960); to Ginglymodi by Hay (1902), Jordan (1963); to Lepisostoidei by Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Osteichthyes by Cione (1987); to Lepisosteioidei by Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Holostei by Normark et al. (1991); to Ginglymodi by Cavin and Brito (2001); to Holostei by Friedman et al. (2010); to Lepisosteoidea by López-Arbarello (2012); and to Lepisosteiformes by Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970), Bryant (1989), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999), Purdy et al. (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Previtera and González Riga (2008), Grande (2010), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Agnolín et al. (2023).
It was reranked as the suborder Lepisosteidae by Huxley (1861); it was misspelled as Lepidosteidae by Woodward (1895), Hay (1902), Lambe (1908), Gardiner (1960), Jordan (1963), Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Cione (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Bryant (1989), Normark et al. (1991), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999), Cavin and Brito (2001), Purdy et al. (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Previtera and González Riga (2008), Friedman et al. (2010), Grande (2010), López-Arbarello (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Agnolín et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Ganoidei by Huxley (1861); to Aetheospondyli by Woodward (1895), Lambe (1908); to Semionotoidea by Gardiner (1960); to Ginglymodi by Hay (1902), Jordan (1963); to Lepisostoidei by Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Osteichthyes by Cione (1987); to Lepisosteioidei by Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Holostei by Normark et al. (1991); to Ginglymodi by Cavin and Brito (2001); to Holostei by Friedman et al. (2010); to Lepisosteoidea by López-Arbarello (2012); and to Lepisosteiformes by Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970), Bryant (1989), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999), Purdy et al. (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Previtera and González Riga (2008), Grande (2010), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Agnolín et al. (2023).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Lepisosteidae Cuvier |
| 1861 | Lepisosteidae Huxley p. 23 |
| 1873 | Clastes cycliferus Cope |
| 1877 | Clastes aganus Cope |
| 1895 | Lepidosteidae Woodward p. 440 |
| 1901 | Lepidosteus bohemicus Laube |
| 1902 | Lepisosteidae Hay p. 376 |
| 1902 | Lepisosteus aganus Hay p. 377 |
| 1902 | Lepisosteus cycliferus Hay p. 377 |
| 1908 | Lepidosteidae Lambe |
| 1943 | Paralepidosteus africanus Arambourg and Joleaud p. 42 figs. Pl 1:8-11; 2:1-2, 5:6-7 |
| 1960 | Lepidosteidae Gardiner p. 370 |
| 1963 | Lepisosteidae Jordan p. 615 |
| 1964 | Lepisosteidae Estes p. 43 |
| 1970 | Lepisosteidae Estes and Berberian p. 3 |
| 1981 | Lepisosteidae Thurmond and Jones p. 84 |
| 1984 | Lepisosteus cominatoi Silva Santos |
| 1987 | Lepisosteidae Cione p. 113 |
| 1988 | Lepisosteidae Case and Schwimmer p. 297 |
| 1989 | Lepisosteidae Bryant p. 22 |
| 1991 | Lepisosteidae Normark et al. p. 829 |
| 1993 | Lepisosteidae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 13 |
| 1999 | Lepisosteidae Weems p. 54 |
| 2001 | Lepisosteidae Cavin and Brito p. 662 |
| 2001 | Lepisosteidae Peng et al. p. 14 |
| 2001 | Lepisosteidae Purdy et al. p. 161 |
| 2004 | Lepisosteidae Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260 |
| 2008 | Lepisosteidae Previtera and González Riga |
| 2010 | Lepisosteidae Friedman et al. p. S33 |
| 2010 | Lepisosteidae Grande |
| 2012 | Lepisosteidae López-Arbarello |
| 2013 | Lepisosteidae Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Lepisosteidae Nelson et al. p. 123 |
| 2018 | Lepisosteidae Carnevale and Godfrey p. 163 |
| 2019 | Lepisosteidae Ebersole et al. p. 154 |
| 2023 | Lepisosteidae Agnolín et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Lepisosteidae Cuvier 1825
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G. Atractosteus Rafinesque 1820
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†Atractosteus atrox Leidy 1873
†Atractosteus falipoui Cavin and Brito 2001
†Atractosteus messelensis Grande 2010
†Atractosteus simplex Leidy 1873
†Atractosteus spatula Lacepede 1803
G. Lepidosteus Agassiz 1843
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Lepidosteus bison DeKay 1842
†Lepidosteus glaber Marsh 1871
†Lepidosteus longus Lambe 1908
†Lepidosteus notabilis Leidy 1873
†Lepidosteus whitneyi Marsh 1871
Subfm. Lepisosteinae Cuvier 1825
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Tr. Lepisosteini Cuvier 1825
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G. †Herreraichthys Alvarado-Ortega et al. 2016
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†Herreraichthys coahuilaensis Alvarado-Ortega et al. 2016
G. Lepisosteus Agassiz 1843
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†Lepisosteus bemisi Grande 2010
†Lepisosteus glaber Marsh 1871
†Lepisosteus indicus Lydekker 1890
†Lepisosteus integer Cope 1877
†Lepisosteus knieskerni Fowler 1911
†Lepisosteus nahunticus Cope 1869
Lepisosteus osseus Linnaeus 1758
Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820
†Lepisosteus whitneyi Marsh 1871
Invalid names: Clastes Cope 1872 [synonym], Pneumatosteus Cope 1869 [synonym]
G. †Masillosteus Micklich and Klappert 2001
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†Masillosteus janeae Grande 2010
†Masillosteus kelleri Micklich and Klappert 2001
G. †Oniichthys Cavin and Brito 2001
Invalid names: Clastes aganus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Clastes cycliferus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Lepidosteus bohemicus Laube 1901 [nomen dubium], Lepisosteus cominatoi Silva Santos 1984 [nomen dubium], Paralepidosteus africanus Arambourg and Joleaud 1943 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Berriasian to the top of the Holocene or 139.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 132.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 132.6 Ma
Collections (605 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tithonian - Valanginian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Lepisosteidae indet. (88876) | |
| Late/Upper Berriasian - Valanginian | United Kingdom (England) | Lepisosteus fittonii (168982) | |
| Aptian - Albian | USA (Utah) | Lepisosteidae indet. (97951) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | USA (Texas) | Lepisosteus sp. (14375) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | USA (Oklahoma) | Lepisosteidae indet. (14374 14392) | |
| Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian | Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) | Oniichthys falipoui (124314) | |
| Cenomanian | Libya (Awbari) | Lepisosteidae indet. (45725) | |
| Cenomanian | USA (Nevada) | Lepisosteidae indet. (181586) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Utah) | Lepisosteidae indet. (200123) Lepisosteus sp. (73611 73612) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) | Lepisosteidae indet. (25325) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Canada (Nunavut) | Lepisosteidae indet. (45559) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | Niger (Zinder) | Paralepidosteus africanus (75235) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | Morocco | Grandemarinus gherisensis (150881) Lepisosteidae indet. (133317) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian - Middle Turonian | Mexico (Coahuila) | Herreraichthys coahuilaensis (210316) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | Austria (Styria) | Lepisosteus sp. (224480) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | Germany | Lepisosteus sp. (228230) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (New Mexico) | Lepisosteidae indet. (52360) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Lepisosteidae indet. (46959 58164 58179) Lepisosteus turanensis (58168) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | USA (Utah) | Lepisosteus sp., Lepisosteidae indet. (14414) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Lepisosteidae indet. (49097) | |